AN EXPERIMENTAL-ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF BOTTLE CELLS AND THE DEEP MARGINAL ZONE IN GASTRULATION OF XENOPUS-LAEVIS
AN EXPERIMENTAL-ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF BOTTLE CELLS AND THE DEEP MARGINAL ZONE IN GASTRULATION OF XENOPUS-LAEVIS
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DOI：
10.1002/jez.1402160109
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发表时间：
1981-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
KELLER, RE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KELLER, RE
两栖动物胚口区瓶状细胞的形状变化或主动迁移可能导致内陷，内陷是原肠胚形成的主要部分。X.通过显微外科摘除和重排实验研究了左心耳，并通过延时电影显微摄影和扫描电子显微镜进行了分析。瓶状细胞在原肠胚形成中的作用较小。原肠胚形成不是内陷的过程，而是边缘带的深层和浅层的内卷过程。内卷依赖于深边缘带细胞的独特性质。包括瓶状细胞在内的表层并不具有退化所必需的性质，而是被动地向内移动，形成原肠的内层，这可能是深层边缘区的下层细胞的主动迁移。瓶状细胞是由囊胚晚期和原肠胚早期的表层萎缩和增厚而形成的。它们被移到内部，主要是因为它们附着在下面的深层细胞上，然后它们在原肠胚形成的后半部分扩散并变平，形成原肠周边的大面积衬里。在瓶状细胞形成过程中，表层细胞片层的弯曲形成了最初的囊胚口沟，而在瓶状细胞展开过程中，原肠周边的延伸是瓶状细胞对原肠深度的积极贡献的程度。大部分深度是由边缘区的植物性延伸和内卷的深层细胞向动物极的运动产生的。
Change in shape or the active migration of the bottle cells in the amphibian blastoporal region may result in an invagination that comprises a major part of gastrulation. Gastrulation in X. laevis was studied by microsurgical extirpation and rearrangement experiments, analyzed with time-lapse cinemicrography and scanning electron microscopy. Bottle cells are shown to have a lesser role in gastrulation. Gastrulation is not a process of invagination but of involution of the deep and superficial layers of the marginal zone. Involution is dependent on unique properties of the cells in the deep marginal zone. The superficial layer, including the bottle cells, does not have properties essential for involution but is passively moved inside to form the lining of the archenteron by what is probably an active migration of the underlying cells of the deep marginal zone. Bottle cells form by the shrinking and thickening of the superficial layer in the late blastula and early gastrula. They are moved inside, largely because of their attachment to the underlying deep cells, and then they spread and flatten in the latter half of gastrulation to form a large area of the lining of the periphery of the archenteron. The formation of the initial blastoporal groove by bending of the superficial cell sheet during bottle cell formation and the extension of the periphery of the archenteron during spreading of the bottle cells is the extent of the active contribution of bottle cells to the depth of the archenteron. The bulk of the depth is generated by the vegetal extension of the marginal zone and the movement of the involuted deep cells toward the animal pole.