Using formative evaluation methods to improve clinical implementation efforts: Description and an example
Using formative evaluation methods to improve clinical implementation efforts: Description and an example
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112532
复制
发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
11.3
通讯作者：
Greco, Carol M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elwy, A. Rani;Wasan, Ajay D.;Greco, Carol M.
形成性评价是一个严格的评估过程，目的是查明对执行进程的潜在和实际影响，是启动任何执行工作之前的必要的第一步。如果没有形成性评估，干预研究可能无法转化为有意义的患者护理或公共卫生成果，或在不同的背景下。形成性评价通常包括定性方法，但也可能涉及定量或混合方法。形成性评价的一个独特方面是，在研究期间与实施团队共享数据，以便在研究或改进活动期间调整和改进实施过程。在实施科学中，特别是在形成性评价中，必须有一个理论或概念模型或框架来指导选择要评估的各种个人、组织或背景因素。从这些理论为基础的结构的数据可以转化为实施战略的发展和规范，以支持采取的干预措施。在这篇文章中，我们描述了不同类型的形成性评价（发展，实施为重点，以进展为重点，和解释），然后提出了一个形成性评价的案例研究，从现实世界中的实施研究在几个学术疼痛诊所，创新扩散理论的指导下。
Formative evaluation, a rigorous assessment process to identify potential and actual influences on the implementation process, is a necessary first step prior to launching any implementation effort. Without formative evaluation, intervention studies may fail to translate into meaningful patient care or public health outcomes or across different contexts. Formative evaluation usually consists of qualitative methods, but may involve quantitative or mixed methods. A unique aspect of formative evaluation is that data are shared with the implementation team during the study in order to adapt and improve the process of implementation during the course of the study or improvement activity. In implementation science, and specifically within formative evaluation, it is imperative that a theory or conceptual model or framework guide the selection of the various individual, organizational or contextual factors to be assessed. Data from these theory-based constructs can translate into the development and specification of implementation strategies to support the uptake of the intervention. In this article, we describe different types of formative evaluations (developmental, implementation-focused, progress-focused, and interpretive), and then present a formative evaluation case study from a real-world implementation study within several academic pain clinics, guided by the Theory of Diffusion of Innovation.