Cryo-injury and biopreservation
Cryo-injury and biopreservation
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1363.010
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Toner, Mehmet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fowler, Alex;Toner, Mehmet
哺乳动物的细胞似乎天生就能忍受寒冷的温度，但当细胞冷却时，冰的形成会导致各种破坏性的影响。因此，对低温损伤的研究变成了研究在冷却过程中细胞内外何时以及如何形成冰的研究。在许多保存方案中，使用化学保护剂来控制或防止冰的形成，但这些化学保护剂本身往往具有破坏性。变冷和变暖的速度也强烈影响冰的数量和形成的位置。通过仔细修改这些参数，已经开发出许多细胞类型的成功冷保存技术，但是还有更多的细胞类型无法使用保存技术，并且将基于细胞的技术扩展到组织和整个器官非常有限。冰对细胞的破坏性影响有许多方面仍然知之甚少。在这篇简短的文章中，我们回顾了我们目前对细胞损伤的理解，并强调了在低温保存期间细胞损伤的一些方面，这些方面仍然知之甚少。
Mammalian cells appear to be naturally tolerant to cold temperatures, but the formation of ice when cells are cooled leads to a variety of damaging effects. The study of cryo-injury, therefore, becomes the study of when and how ice is formed both inside and outside the cell during cooling. Protectant chemicals are used to control or prevent ice formation in many preservation protocols, but these chemical themselves tend to be damaging. Cooling and warming rates also strongly affect the amount and location of ice that is formed. Through careful modification of these parameters successful cold preservation techniques for many cell types have been developed, but there are many more cell types that have defied preservation techniques, and the extension of cell-based techniques to tissues and whole organs has been very limited. There are many aspects to the damaging effects of ice in cells that are still poorly understood. In this brief article we review our current understanding of cellular injury and highlight the aspects of cellular injury during cryopreservation that are still poorly understood.