The effect of breakfast type on total daily energy intake and body mass index: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)
The effect of breakfast type on total daily energy intake and body mass index: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)
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DOI：
10.1080/07315724.2003.10719307
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发表时间：
2003-08-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Block, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cho, S;Dietrich, M;Block, G
目的：探讨早餐类型、能量摄入与体重指数（BMI）的关系。我们假设不仅早餐摄入量本身与BMI相关，而且早餐时吃的食物类型也会影响BMI。方法：第三次全国健康和营养检查调查数据（NHANES III），一项1988年至1994年在美国进行的大型基于人群的研究，分析了早餐类型，每日总能量摄入，和BMI分析的早餐类别是“跳过”、“肉/蛋”、“即食谷类食品（RTEC）”、“熟谷类食品”、“面包”、“快餐面包”、“水果/蔬菜”、“乳制品”、“脂肪/甜食”和“牛肉”。“协方差分析用于估计调整后的平均体重指数（BMI）和能量摄入（kcal）作为因变量。协变量包括年龄，性别，种族，吸烟，酒精摄入量，体力活动和贫困指数ratio.Results：主题谁吃RTEC，煮熟的谷物，或快速面包早餐有显着降低BMI相比，船长和肉类和鸡蛋的食客（P小于或等于0.01）。不吃早餐和吃水果/蔬菜的人每天的能量摄入量最低。肉类和鸡蛋的饮食者有最高的每日能量摄入量和最高的BMIs.Conclusions之一：这项分析提供的证据表明，不吃早餐是不是一个有效的方法来管理体重。与不吃早餐或早餐吃肉类和/或鸡蛋相比，早餐吃谷物（即食或煮熟的谷物）或快速面包与体重指数显着降低有关。
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between breakfast type, energy intake and body mass index (BMI). We hypothesized not only that breakfast consumption itself is associated with BMI, but that the type of food eaten at breakfast also affects BMI.Methods: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), a large, population-based study conducted in the United States from 1988 to 1994, were analyzed for breakfast type, total daily energy intake, and BMI The analyzed breakfast categories were "Skippers," "Meat/eggs," "Ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC)," "Cooked cereal," "Breads," "Quick Breads," "Fruits/vegetables," "Dairy," "Fats/sweets," and "Beverages." Analysis of covariance was used to estimate adjusted mean body mass index (BMI) and energy intake (kcal) as dependent variables. Covariates included age, gender, race, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity and poverty index ratio.Results: Subjects who ate RTEC, Cooked cereal, or Quick Breads for breakfast had significantly lower BMI compared to Skippers and Meat and Egg eaters (p less than or equal to 0.01). Breakfast skippers and fruit/vegetable eaters had the lowest daily energy intake. The Meat and Eggs eaters had the highest daily energy intake and one of the highest BMIs.Conclusions: This analysis provides evidence that skipping breakfast is not an effective way to manage weight. Eating cereal (ready-to-eat or cooked cereal) or quick breads for breakfast is associated with significantly lower body mass index compared to skipping breakfast or eating meats and/or eggs for breakfast.