THE HUMAN ACCESSORY OPTIC-SYSTEM
THE HUMAN ACCESSORY OPTIC-SYSTEM
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DOI：
10.1016/0006-8993(88)90809-8
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发表时间：
1988-06-28
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
SADUN, AA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FREDERICKS, CA;GIOLLI, RA;SADUN, AA
辅助光学系统（AOS）已在脊椎动物（包括灵长类动物）中得到广泛研究。它从未在人类中被明确识别，临床医生也没有认为它具有重要的功能。由于缺乏合适的神经解剖束追踪技术，对人类 AOS 的视网膜离断通路的解剖学演示以前是不可行的。改进的锇浸渍方法已被证明可以追踪人类的退化纤维，即使在长期生存后也是如此。该技术采用对苯二胺 (PPD) 作为髓磷脂和轴突变性产物的标记物。我们应用 PPD 方法检查了一只猴子大脑（食蟹猴）和两只先前有视觉系统病变的人类尸检大脑。猴子的外侧、背侧和内侧末端副视神经核以及上束、后纤维（LTN、DTN、MTN和inSFp）的间质核以及人类的LTN、DTN和inSFp均显示出退化的轴突和前末端轴突轮廓，表明直接视网膜输入。包括 MTN 区域在内的腹侧中脑被盖无法在任何一个人脑中进行研究。猴子和人类大脑中的辅助光学投射被证明是双侧的，但主要是交叉的。因此，在 AOS 纤维束和末端核的位置和数量以及这些核的视网膜离体投射的组织方面，人类视觉系统与猿猴有相似之处。
The accessory optic system (AOS) has been extensively studied among vertebrates, including primates. It has never clearly been identified in man, and it has not been considered functionally important by clinicians. Because of a lack of a suitable neuroanatomical tract-tracing technique, anatomical demonstration of a retinofugal pathway to the human AOS had previously not been feasible. A modified osmium impregnation method has been shown to permit the tracing of degenerated fibers in man even after long survival periods. This technique employs p-phenylene diamine (PPD) as a marker of myelin and products of axonal degeneration. We applied the PPD method in the examination of one monkey brain (Cynomolgus) and two human autopsy brains with previous visual system lesions. The lateral, dorsal, and medial terminal accessory optic nuclei and the interstitial nucleus of the superior fasciculus, posterior fibers (LTN, DTN, MTN, and inSFp) in the monkey and the LTN, the DTN, and the inSFp in the human all showed degenerated axons and preterminal axonal profiles indicative of direct retinal input. The ventral midbrain tegmentum including the MTN area was not available for study in either of the human brains. The accessory optic projections in both the monkey and human brains proved to be bilateral but primarily crossed. The human visual system thus shares similarities with the simian, in the location and number of the AOS fiber bundles and terminal nuclei and in the organization of the retinofugal projections to these nuclei.