Orientation biases for facial emotion recognition during childhood and adulthood
Orientation biases for facial emotion recognition during childhood and adulthood
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jecp.2015.07.006
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Schmidt, Jamie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balas, Benjamin;Huynh, Carol;Schmidt, Jamie
面部情绪识别发展缓慢，直到10岁或更大的年龄，其表现仍在持续变化。在目前的研究中，我们选择了在儿童时期，对特定的低层次视觉特征的使用是如何改变情绪识别的。成年人在面部识别方面表现出信息偏见；特定的空间频率子带和方向子带对识别的贡献较大。这意味着，根据特定的任务（例如，识别，情感识别），当从原始图像中删除某些特征时，参与者的表现会更差，而当这些特征被包含时，参与者的表现会更好。这种用于人脸识别的信息偏差的一个例子是水平方向能量相对于垂直方向能量的差异贡献；当水平信息被包含时，成年参与者比只包含垂直信息时更能识别面孔和分类他们的情绪表情。尽管最近的几项研究已经证明了水平取向能量（以及所谓的面部表情“条形码”）对成人面部处理的不同方式，但迄今为止还没有研究描述这种偏见是如何在发育过程中出现的，这可能会为深入了解面部情绪识别缓慢发展的机制提供帮助。在当前的研究中，我们比较了儿童（5- 6岁和7- 8岁）和成人在一个简单的情绪分类任务中的表现，使用方向过滤的面孔来确定水平和垂直方向能量对识别的作用程度。我们发现，尽管所有三个参与者组都表现出明显的倾向于使用水平定向能，但这种倾向的性质随着年龄的变化而不同。具体来说，5岁和6岁的儿童在只有垂直方向能量的情况下表现出不成比例的表现成本，而在只有水平方向能量的情况下表现出不成比例的表现成本。因此，面部情感识别发展的一个特征似乎是使用次优或弱诊断信息来支持识别的能力。(C) 2015爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
Facial emotion recognition develops slowly, with continuing changes in performance observable up to 10 years of age and beyond. In the current study, we chose to examine how the use of specific low-level visual features for emotion recognition may change during childhood. Adults exhibit information biases for face recognition; specific spatial frequency and orientation sub-bands make a larger contribution to recognition than others. This means that depending on the specific task (e.g., identification, emotion recognition), participants will perform worse when some features are removed from the original image and better when those features are included. One example of such an information bias for face recognition is the differential contribution of horizontal orientation energy relative to vertical orientation energy; adult participants are better able to recognize faces and categorize their emotional expressions when horizontal information is included than when only vertical information is included. Although several recent studies have demonstrated various ways in which horizontal orientation energy (and so-called "bar-codes" for face appearance) contribute to adult face processing, there have been as yet no studies describing how such a bias emerges developmentally that may offer insight into the mechanisms underlying the slow development of facial emotion recognition. In the current study, we compared children's (5- and 6-year-olds and 7- and 8-year-olds) and adults' performance in a simple emotion categorization task using orientation-filtered faces to determine the extent to which horizontal and vertical orientation energy contributed to recognition as a function of age. We found that although all three participant groups exhibited a clear bias favoring the use of horizontal orientation energy, the nature of this bias differed as a function of age. Specifically, 5- and 6-year-olds exhibited a disproportionate performance cost when vertical orientation energy was all that was available relative to when stimuli were limited to horizontal orientation energy. One feature of the development of facial emotion recognition, thus, appears to be the capability to use suboptimal or weakly diagnostic information to support recognition. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.