SALIENCE OF COMPARISON STANDARDS AND THE ACTIVATION OF SOCIAL NORMS - CONSEQUENCES FOR JUDGMENTS OF HAPPINESS AND THEIR COMMUNICATION
SALIENCE OF COMPARISON STANDARDS AND THE ACTIVATION OF SOCIAL NORMS - CONSEQUENCES FOR JUDGMENTS OF HAPPINESS AND THEIR COMMUNICATION
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DOI：
10.1111/j.2044-8309.1990.tb00912.x
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发表时间：
1990-12-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
WAGNER, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
STRACK, F;SCHWARZ, N;WAGNER, D
在两项研究中，受试者对自己幸福感的报告受到（a）比较标准的显著性和（B）在传达这些判断的背景下激活的社会规范的影响。结果发现，另一个相对较差的人的存在导致受试者对自己的幸福做出更积极的判断。当被试的注意力通过一种自然的显著性操纵（在填写问卷时的座位安排）被引导到比较者身上时，这种对比效应会增加。第二项研究的结果表明，当必须向残疾人同盟报告这种判断时，可能不会说出这种对比性判断。在第二项研究中，比较对象的交流方式（私人与公共）和明显的健康状况各不相同（身体残疾与否）。总之，这些研究表明，认知和沟通机制必须考虑到理解主观幸福感的判断的决定因素。
Two studies were conducted in which subjects'' reports of their own happiness were influenced (a) by the salience of comparison standards and (b) by the social norm that was activated in the context of communicating those judgements. It was found that the presence of another person who was relatively worse off led to more positive judgements of the subjects'' own happiness. This contrast effect was increased when subjects'' attention was directed towards the comparision person by a natural salience manipulation in the form of a seating arrangement at the time the questionnaire had to be filled out. The results of the second study, in which the mode of communicating (private vs. public) and the apparent state of health of the comparison person were varied (physically disabled or not), show that such contrastive judgements may not be uttered when the judgement has to be reported publicy to the disabled confederte. Taken together, these studies demonstrate how both cognitive and communicative mechanisms must be taken into account to understand the determinants of judgements of subjective well-being.