The effects of practice on speed of information processing using the adjusting-paced serial addition test (Adjusting-PSAT) and the computerized tests of information processing (CTIP)
The effects of practice on speed of information processing using the adjusting-paced serial addition test (Adjusting-PSAT) and the computerized tests of information processing (CTIP)
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DOI：
10.1080/09084280701319912
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Francis, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baird, B. J.;Tombaugh, Thomas N.;Francis, M.
本研究通过三个实验考察了练习对调整步速序列加法任务(Adjusting-PSAT)(Tombaugh，1999)和信息处理计算机化测试(CTIP)(Tombaugh&Rees，2000)的影响。调整PSAT是起搏听觉序列加法测验(PASAT)(Gronwall，1977)的计算机化修改，它使数字之间的间隔取决于反应的正确性。这种滴定程序允许导出一个阈值，该阈值表示人可以处理数字以产生正确和的最短呈现间隔。CTIP由三个反应时间测试组成，这三个测试的难度逐渐增加。结果表明，调整后的PSAT出现了稳健的练习效果，其中第一次重测的成绩提高幅度最大。无论第一次重测试验发生在第一次给药后20分钟、一周还是3个月后，练习效果都同样显著。这些收益在长达6个月的时间内保持不变，与呈现方式(视觉或听觉)和数字列表的类型(容易或困难)无关。与Adiuing-PSAT的结果相反，CTIP只观察到极小的实践效果。这项研究的主要临床意义是，CTIP的高可靠性系数，与其管理相关的焦虑，以及对诸如数字和语言能力等变量的不敏感，使得CTIP非常适合于认知状态的系列评估。这些特点也使CTIP成为衡量信息处理速度的Adiuing-PSAT或PASAT的可行替代品。如果在临床评估中重复使用调整PSAT，则应使用“双基线”或“磨合”程序，以第二次给药作为基线测量。
Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of practice on the Adjusting Paced Serial Addition Task (Adjusting-PSAT) (Tombaugh, 1999) and the Computerized Tests of Information Processing (CTIP) (Tombaugh & Rees, 2000). The Adjusting-PSAT is a computerized modification of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) (Gronwall, 1977) that makes the interval between digits contingent on the correctness of the response. This titration procedure permits a threshold value to be derived that represents the shortest presentation interval in which a person can process the digits to produce the correct sum. The CTIP consists of three reaction time tests that are progressively more difficult. Results showed that robust practice effects occurred with the Adjusting-PSAT, with the greatest increase in performance occurring on the first retest trial. Practice effects were equally prominent regardless of whether the first retest trial occurred 20 min, I week, or 3 months after the first administration. These gains were maintained for periods up to 6 months and were independent of modality of presentation (visual or auditory) and type of number list (easy or hard). In contrast to the findings with the Adiusting-PSAT, only minimal practice effects were observed with the CTIP. The major clinical implication of the study is that the high reliability coefficients for the CTIP, the lack of anxiety associated with its administration, and its insensitivity to variables such as numerical and verbal ability make the CTIP ideally suited for the serial evaluation of cognitive status. These characteristics also make the CTIP a viable alternative to the Adiusting-PSAT or PASAT for measuring speed of information processing. If the Adjusting-PSAT is administered repeatedly in clinical evaluations, a "dual baseline" or "run in" procedure should be used, with the second administration serving as the baseline measurement.