Can the Public Be Educated About Constituents in Smokeless Tobacco? A Three-Wave Randomized Controlled Trial.
Can the Public Be Educated About Constituents in Smokeless Tobacco? A Three-Wave Randomized Controlled Trial.
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可以对公众进行有关无烟烟草成分的教育吗？
DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntz241
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Stepanov,Irina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Loken,Barbara;Borgida,Eugene;Wang,Tzushuo;Madzelan,MollyK;Williams,AllisonL;Hatsukami,Dorothy;Stepanov,Irina
简介法律要求美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 以“外行人可以理解且不会误导”的方式向公众通报有害和潜在有害的烟草成分含量。我们的研究解决了无烟烟草 (SLT) 产品传达此类信息的研究中的一个关键差距。方法设计包括随机分配到演示格式或控制条件（不接收信息）不同的实验（在线交互）条件之一。实验受访者查看了多达 79 种产品中 5 种有害成分的含量和健康风险信息。结果衡量包括对成分健康风险的了解、对 SLT 产品成分变异性的看法、疾病风险评级、自我报告的 SLT 使用情况以及并列产品比较。 333 名 SLT 使用者、535 名吸烟者和 663 名非烟草使用者的样本在基线、干预时间和干预后 6 周参与。结果演示格式显示很少的系统差异，因此合并分析。从基线到干预后，相对于对照条件，实验条件下的受访者增加了对成分健康影响的了解，以及对 SLT 产品成分变异性的看法。观察到受访者对疾病风险的评级以及他们对特定产品成分暴露估计的变化，但在自我报告的 SLT 使用情况中没有观察到变化。结论交互式在线图形和数字演示格式可以有效地增加人们对健康影响和对 SLT 产品成分的感知变化的了解。需要对长期行为评估以及这种方法对监管机构的有用性进行进一步研究。影响 向非专业人士传达有关 SLT 产品中有害成分的信息的研究非常缺乏。这项研究提出了一种新的格式，可以有效地向多个用户群体传达 SLT 成分的水平和对健康的影响。研究参与者对某些烟草产品的安全性没有误解，这表明 FDA 和其他国家的监管机构可以使用此类格式公开展示 SLT 成分数据。
IntroductionThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is required by law to inform the public about levels of harmful and potentially harmful tobacco constituents in a format that is “understandable and not misleading to a lay person.” Our study addresses a critical gap in research on communicating such information for smokeless tobacco (SLT) products.MethodsThe design included random assignment to one of the experimental (online interactive) conditions differing in presentation format or a control condition (receiving no information). Experimental respondents viewed information on levels and health risks of 5 harmful constituents in up to 79 products. Outcome measures included knowledge of health risks of constituents, perception of constituent variability in SLT products, disease risk ratings, self-reported SLT use, and side-by-side product comparisons. The sample of 333 SLT users, 535 cigarette smokers, and 663 nontobacco users participated at baseline, time of intervention, and 6 weeks postintervention.ResultsPresentation formats showed few systematic differences so were combined in analyses. Experimental condition respondents increased their knowledge about constituent health effects and their perceptions of constituent variability in SLT products, from baseline to postintervention, and relative to the control condition. Changes in respondents’ ratings of disease risk and their estimates of constituent exposure from specific products were observed, but not in self-reported SLT use.ConclusionsInteractive online graphic and numeric presentation formats can be efficient in increasing people’s knowledge of health effects and perceived variation of constituents in SLT products. Further research on longer-term behavioral assessment, and usefulness of this approach for regulatory agencies, is needed.ImplicationsResearch on communicating the information about harmful constituents in SLT products to lay persons is critically lacking. This study proposes novel formats for effective communication about the levels and the health effects of SLT constituents to multiple user groups. The lack of misperceptions among study participants that some tobacco products are safe suggests that such formats can potentially be used for public display of SLT constituent data by the FDA and regulatory agencies in other countries.