Territoriality in Lemur Catta Groups during the Birth Season at Berenty, Madagascar
Territoriality in Lemur Catta Groups during the Birth Season at Berenty, Madagascar
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马达加斯加贝伦蒂狐猴卡塔群体在出生季节的领地意识
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4899-2412-4_7
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
J. Davidson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Jolly;Hanta Rasamimanana;M. Kinnaird;T. O'Brien;H. Crowley;C. Harcourt;S. Gardner;J. Davidson
研究人员对七组相邻的狐猴进行了为期五天的研究：1990年两组，1991年一组，在9月至10月的出生季节。雌性会用凝视、猛击和偶尔的身体攻击来对抗其他种群的雌性。对抗显然是为了防御领土入侵：军队从对抗中撤退到他们的领土中心。平均日活动距离（1377m, N =101）相对于活动范围直径（凹多边形为319m）是灵长类动物中最高的之一，表明资源防御能力强。15天的家庭波动幅度和一年的波动幅度一样大。群体间关系分为高对抗（HC）和低对抗（LC）两类，高对抗（HC）为4对，≥1.0次/天；低对抗（LC）为8对，≤0.3次/天。HC对具有更近的距离模式，更近的接近，并且更高比例的近距离接近升级为对抗。LC对的范围重叠较小，近距离接近较少，近距离接近导致对抗的比例较低。总的来说，HC和LC对相互回避。对峙之前和之后都有高部队速度和大转弯角度，表明接近和撤退。雄性的嚎叫对队伍的距离和转弯角度没有直接影响。1990年，游客给狐猴喂香蕉；1991年，由于干旱年份停止供应，资源急剧减少。在1991年邻接对仍然是HC和LC：供给没有改变特定邻接对之间相对高或低的对抗。我们认为，地盘性是狐猴雌性获取资源的基础（至少在人口密度高的情况下），大部队不一定会在部队间冲突中取得优势，雌性的针对性攻击与领土系统的约束有关，而雄性在出生季节的部队间隔中起不到什么作用。
Seven adjacent groups of Lemur catta were studied for three five-day blocks: two in 1990 and one in 1991, during the Sept-Oct birth season. Females confront females of other troops with staring, lunges, and occasional physical aggression. Confrontations apparently defended against territorial intrusion: troops retreated from confrontations toward their territorial centers. Mean day range (1377m, N =101) relative to home range diameter (319m for concave polygons) is one of the highest in primates, indicating high resource defensibility. Fifteen-day home ranges were as large as yearly ranges. Intergroup relations fell into two categories, High Confrontation (HC), (4 of the possible neighbor pairs, ≥ 1.0 confrontations/day) and Low Confrontation (LC), (eight pairs, ≤ 0.3 confrontations/day). HC pairs have nearer ranging patterns, more close approaches, and a higher proportion of close approaches which escalate into confrontations. LC pairs have little range overlap, fewer close approaches, and a low proportion of close approaches which lead to confrontations. Overall, both HC and LC pairs avoid each other. Confrontations were preceded and followed by high troop velocity and large turning angles, indicating approach and retreat. Male howls had no immediate effect on troop distance or turning angle. Tourists provisioned lemurs with bananas in 1990; resources dropped sharply in 1991 as provisioning ceased in a drought year. The same neighbor pairs remained as HC and LC in 1991: provisioning did not change the relatively high or low antagonism between particular neighbors. We suggest that territoriality is fundamental to Lemur catta female resource access, (at least at high population density), that large troops do not necessarily gain ground in intertroop conflict, that female targeted aggression is related to the constraints of the territorial system, and that males play little role in troop spacing during the birth season.
DOI：
10.1159/000156505
发表时间：
1990-07
期刊：
Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. E. Pereira;R. Kaufman;P. M. Kappeler;D. Overdorff
通讯作者：
M. E. Pereira;R. Kaufman;P. M. Kappeler;D. Overdorff