Isothiocyanates for Human Health
Isothiocyanates for Human Health
复制标题
异硫氰酸盐对人类健康的影响
DOI：
10.1002/mnfr.201870079
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Mithen R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mithen R
观察性研究一直表明，富含十字花科蔬菜的饮食与慢性疾病的发病率或进展减少之间存在关联。一般来说，虽然承认这些研究之间存在很大差异，但每周食用四份以上十字花科蔬菜的人似乎患心血管疾病和癌症的发病率或严重程度较低。[1-3]这些影响似乎超过了那些通常与富含水果和蔬菜的饮食有关的影响，并表明十字花科蔬菜中普遍存在的某些化学成分可能介导了这些健康益处。主要候选者是异硫氰酸酯，硫代葡萄糖苷的降解产物，独特地积累在这个家庭的蔬菜。硫代葡萄糖苷是硫代糖苷，其包含共同的糖基部分和衍生自少量氨基酸之一的可变的糖基侧链。它们积累在包括十字花科蔬菜在内的油菜目植物的营养和生殖组织中。当组织受损时，内源性植物硫葡糖苷酶，通常称为黑芥子酶，切割芥子油苷分子，导致异硫氰酸酯的产生。在通常食用的十字花科植物中，最主要的异硫氰酸酯是2-丙烯基ITC，其来自芥菜和芥末;来自花椰菜的4-甲基亚磺酰基丁基ITC（或萝卜硫素）;来自豆瓣菜的苯乙基ITC;和来自大白菜的3-丁烯基ITC。[4]20世纪90年代早期的研究确定萝卜硫素是核因子（红细胞衍生2）样2转录因子（通常称为NRF 2）的有效诱导剂。[5]这种作用主要是由于ITC与谷胱甘肽结合的能力，导致急性氧化应激的诱导和NRF 2从细胞质到细胞核的易位以及“抗氧化剂”基因表达的转录。随后，在细胞和动物模型系统中的大量研究已经描述了ITC的进一步作用模式。[6，7]然而，仍有许多问题有待解决，特别是关于当ITC作为饮食的一部分或作为药物制剂食用时，在模型系统中观察到的活性是否转化为对人类的影响。
Observational studies have consistently suggested an association between diets rich in cruciferous vegetables and reduction of incidence or progression of chronic disease. In general, and while acknowledging that there is much variation amongst these studies, people who consume more than four portions of cruciferous vegetables per week appear to have a lower incidence or severity of cardiovascular disease and cancer.[1–3] These effects appear to be over and above those that are often associated with diets rich in fruit and vegetables, and suggest that certain chemical components prevalent in cruciferous vegetables may be mediating these health benefits. Prime candidates are isothiocyanates, degradation products of glucosinolates that uniquely accumulate in this family of vegetables. Glucosinolates are thioglycosides that comprise a common glycone moiety and a variable aglycone side chain derived from one of a small number of amino acids. They accumulate in vegetative and reproductive tissues of members of the Brassicales, which includes cruciferous vegetables. When tissues are damaged, an endogenous plant thioglucosidase, commonly known as myrosinase, cleaves the glucosinolate molecule, resulting in the generation of isothiocyanates. Within commonly consumed crucifers, the most prominent isothiocyanates are 2-propenyl ITC, which is derived from mustards and wasabi; 4-methylsulphinylbutyl ITC (or sulforaphane) from broccoli; phenethyl ITC from watercress; and 3-butenyl ITC from Chinese cabbage.[4] Research in the early 1990s identified sulforaphane as being a potent inducer of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 transcription factor (commonly referred to as NRF2).[5] This effect is largely due to ITC’s ability to conjugate with glutathione, leading to induction of acute oxidative stress and translocation of NRF2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and the resultant transcription of “antioxidant” gene expression. Subsequently, a plethora of studies in cell and animal model systems have described further modes of action of ITCs.[6, 7] However, many issues remain to be resolved, especially concerning whether the activity observed in model systems translate to effects in humans when ITCs are consumed as part of the diet or as a pharmaceutical preparation.