Improving Development Outcomes and Reducing Disaster Risk through Planned Community Relocation
Improving Development Outcomes and Reducing Disaster Risk through Planned Community Relocation
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通过有计划的社区搬迁改善发展成果并减少灾害风险
DOI：
10.3390/su10103545
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
J. Handmer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Nalau;J. Handmer
将搬迁作为一种变革性的减少灾害风险、适应气候和发展战略的想法遵循的假设是，搬迁可以降低社区的脆弱性。然而，目前还不清楚谁和什么样的脆弱性是通过搬迁减少，以及哪些因素是重要的，在确定“成功”的搬迁努力的战略，发展，气候变化适应（CCA），减少灾害风险（DRR）。临时和短距离搬迁很有可能通过减少接触来提高复原力，但搬迁到新的地区和新的社区会带来一系列问题。共同国家评估和减少灾害风险使用不同的时间表和焦点：共同国家评估侧重于未来大规模永久性搬迁以及随后主要由于预计的海平面上升而可能造成的文化和身份的丧失。减少灾害风险社区侧重于临时搬迁，以减少对一系列危害的暴露，尽管它也参与永久性迁移，作为减少风险和促进发展的变革性方式。我们将在本文件中探讨这些差异，主要以太平洋小岛屿发展中国家为例，这些国家过去曾多次进行搬迁。更好地理解和阐明共同国家评估、减灾和发展论述中关于有计划的社区搬迁的基本假设和偏好，可以为未来的规划和应对缓慢发生和突然发生的灾害提供更丰富的背景。
The idea of relocation as a transformative disaster risk reduction, climate adaptation, and development strategy follows the assumption that relocation reduces the vulnerability of communities. Yet, it is unclear whose and what kind of vulnerability is reduced through relocation, and which factors are important in determining the “success” of relocation efforts as strategies for development, climate change adaptation (CCA), and disaster risk reduction (DRR). Temporary and short distance relocation is highly likely to achieve increased resilience by reducing exposure, but relocation to a new area and new communities brings a range of issues. CCA and DRR use different timescales and focal points regarding relocation: CCA focuses on future mass permanent relocation and the subsequent potential loss of cultures and identities mainly due to projected sea level rise. The DRR community focuses on temporary relocation as a way to reduce exposure to a range of hazards, although it is also involved in permanent movement as a transformative way to reduce risk and enhance development. We explore these differences in this paper, with examples mainly from the Pacific Small Island Developing States where past relocations have been numerous. Better understanding and articulation of the underlying assumptions and preferences in CCA, DRR, and development discourses on planned community relocation could provide a richer context for future planning and dealing with both slow-onset and sudden disasters.