Discrepancy between the Atwater factor predicted and empirically measured energy values of almonds in human diets
Discrepancy between the Atwater factor predicted and empirically measured energy values of almonds in human diets
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DOI：
10.3945/ajcn.112.035782
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发表时间：
2012-08-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Baer, David J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Novotny, Janet A.;Gebauer, Sarah K.;Baer, David J.
背景：食物的能量含量主要是由阿特沃特因子决定的，它可能对某些食物组不准确。大量证据表明，对于坚果这种食物，阿特沃特因子的预测能力可能很差。目的：研究确定杏仁在人类饮食中的能量值，并将测量值与阿特沃特因子计算值进行比较。设计：18名健康成人在18天内接受控制饮食或含杏仁饮食。在交叉设计中，对受试者进行三种治疗，饮食中含有3种杏仁剂量中的一种：0、42或84 g/d。在治疗期的最后9天，志愿者收集了所有的尿液和粪便，并对饮食、粪便和尿液样本进行了宏量营养素和能量含量分析。测定了杏仁的代谢能含量。结果：人类饮食中杏仁的能量含量为4.6 +/- 0.8千卡/克，相当于129千卡/28克。这明显低于由阿特沃特系数确定的6.0-6.1千卡/克的能量密度，相当于168-170千卡/份的能量含量。当阿特沃特因子应用于杏仁时，会导致其测量的能量含量高估32%。结论：本研究为阿特沃特因子在某些应用中的不准确性提供了证据，并为在混合饮食背景下确定单个食物的能量值提供了一种严格的经验方法。该试验在clinicaltrials.gov注册为NCT01007188。中华临床医学杂志，2012;26(1):391 - 391。
Background: The energy content of foods is primarily determined by the Atwater factors, which may not be accurate for certain food groups. Nuts are a food group for which substantial evidence suggests that the Atwater factors may be poorly predictive.Objective: A study was conducted to determine the energy value of almonds in the human diet and to compare the measured energy value with the value calculated from the Atwater factors.Design: Eighteen healthy adults consumed a controlled diet or an almond-containing diet for 18 d. Three treatments were administered to subjects in a crossover design, and diets contained 1 of 3 almond doses: 0, 42, or 84 g/d. During the final 9 d of the treatment period, volunteers collected all urine and feces, and samples of diets, feces, and urine were analyzed for macronutrient and energy contents. The metabolizable energy content of the almonds was determined.Results: The energy content of almonds in the human diet was found to be 4.6 +/- 0.8 kcal/g, which is equivalent to 129 kcal/28-g serving. This is significantly less than the energy density of 6.0-6.1 kcal/g as determined by the Atwater factors, which is equivalent to an energy content of 168-170 kcal/serving. The Atwater factors, when applied to almonds, resulted in a 32% overestimation of their measured energy content.Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the inaccuracies of the Atwater factors for certain applications and provides a rigorous method for determining empirically the energy value of individual foods within the context of a mixed diet. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01007188. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:296-301.