The Functional Significance of Cattle Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Genetic Diversity
The Functional Significance of Cattle Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Genetic Diversity
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-animal-022513-114234
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hammond, John A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ellis, Shirley A.;Hammond, John A.
目前对粮食安全的关切突出表明，必须保持具有生产力和抗病能力的牲畜数量。主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）I类基因在免疫中具有核心作用。这些基因的高度多样性使种群能够在暴露于快速进化的病原体的情况下生存下来。本文综述了牛MHC I类分子遗传多样性的主要特征及其在抗病中的作用。讨论集中在来自牛基因组序列的数据和解决MHC I类基因表达和功能的研究。还考虑了密集选择对MHC多样性的影响。揭示了MHC I类基因和功能相关基因家族的高度复杂性。这突出表明，需要加大努力，以确定控制牛对疾病的免疫反应的关键遗传成分，这在不断变化的人类和环境需求面前越来越重要。
Current concerns about food security highlight the importance of maintaining productive and disease-resistant livestock populations. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes have a central role in immunity. A high level of diversity in these genes allows populations to survive despite exposure to rapidly evolving pathogens. This review aims to describe the key features of MHC class I genetic diversity in cattle and to discuss their role in disease resistance. Discussion centers on data derived from the cattle genome sequence and studies addressing MHC class I gene expression and function. The impact of intensive selection on MHC diversity is also considered. A high level of complexity in MHC class I genes and functionally related gene families is revealed. This highlights the need for increased efforts to determine key genetic components that govern cattle immune responses to disease, which is increasingly important in the face of changing human and environmental demands.