MORPHOLOGY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF CELL DEATH IN PRENATAL TISSUES
MORPHOLOGY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF CELL DEATH IN PRENATAL TISSUES
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DOI：
10.1002/tera.1420070306
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发表时间：
1973-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
MERKER, HJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
SCHWEICHEL, JU;MERKER, HJ
在大鼠和小鼠胚胎和胎仔中，通过电子显微镜研究了各种胚胎毒性物质（环磷酰胺、放线菌素D、维生素A、长春新碱、6-氨基烟酰胺、6-巯基嘌呤）处理和镁缺乏引起的生理性细胞死亡和坏死的形态学。在对照组织中区分出三种类型的坏死。(1)吞噬作用中单个细胞的凝聚和碎裂，伴随着邻近细胞中碎片的溶酶体解体。(2)死亡细胞中溶酶体的初级形成，伴随着激活和随后的破坏以及邻近细胞对碎片的吞噬作用。在大多数情况下，这种类型的细胞死亡是在器官和大细胞单位的破坏过程中发现的。(3)在不涉及溶酶体系统的情况下，细胞解体成光学上不再可检测的碎片，例如，在骨化前的胚胎和骺软骨中。在胚胎致死性毒剂的情况下，例如，缺镁时，细胞大面积坏死，表现为典型的染色质固缩（粗糙、致密）和溶酶体缺失。然而，在致畸作用的情况下，干扰复制、转录和翻译的物质（环磷酰胺、放线菌素D、6-巯基嘌呤）导致1型坏死数量增加。因此，可以假定，在这些条件下，在生理和实验诱导的坏死中发生类似的过程。给予维生素A后，观察到溶酶体不稳定和2型坏死。
The morphology of physiological cell death and of necroses caused by treatment with various embryotoxic substances (cyclophosphamide, actinomycin D, vitamin A, vincristine, 6‐aminonicotinamide, 6‐mercaptopurine) and Mg deficiency were studied electron microscopically in rat and mouse embryos and fetuses. Three types of necroses were distinguished in control tissues. (1) Condensation and fragmentation of single cells undergoing phagocytosis, with lysosomal disintegration of the fragments in neighboring cells. (2) Primary formation of lysosomes in dying cells, with activation and subsequent destruction and phagocytosis of the fragments by neighboring cells. This type of cell death in most instances was found during destruction of organs and large cell units. (3) Disintegration of cells into fragments, which were optically no longer detectable, without involvement of the lysosomal system, e.g., in embryonic and epiphyseal cartilage before ossification. In cases of embryolethal toxic agents, e.g., Mg deficiency, cell necroses of large areas prevailed, which were characterized by typical pyknoses (rough, dense chromatin) and lack of lysosomes. In the case of teratogenic effects, however, substances that disturb replication, transcription, and translation (cyclophosphamide, actinomycin D, 6‐mercaptopurine) caused an increase in the number of necroses of type 1. It can, therefore, be assumed that under these conditions similar processes take place in physiological and experimentally induced necroses. After administration of vitamin A, labilization of lysosomes and necroses of type 2 were observed.