Reconciling human smoking behavior and machine smoking patterns: implications for understanding smoking behavior and the impact on laboratory studies.
Reconciling human smoking behavior and machine smoking patterns: implications for understanding smoking behavior and the impact on laboratory studies.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-1014
复制
发表时间：
2009-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shields PG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marian C;O'Connor RJ;Djordjevic MV;Rees VW;Hatsukami DK;Shields PG
食品和药物管理局最近的立法使得能够强制规定香烟烟雾的产品性能标准，并评估制造商对改良烟草产品的健康声明。用于这些评估的实验室研究，以及为了了解烟草烟雾毒理学，使用机器产生烟雾。这篇综述的目的是对评估人类吸烟行为的方法进行批判性评估，并在实验室中进行复制。吸烟行为和吸烟机研究是使用PubMed和公开的烟草公司内部文件数据库确定的。吸烟机是为了产生烟雾而开发的，以便比较卷烟焦油和尼古丁的产量。其目的是推断相对的人类疾病风险，但这个概念是有缺陷的，因为人类根据产品量身定做吸烟，化学产量和毒理效应随着吸烟类型的不同而变化。虽然吸烟机器还允许对吸烟相关疾病进行机械性评估，但这种解释也是有限的。然而，评估人类如何喘气的现有方法可以用来提供更好的实验室评估，但这些方法需要验证。另外，需要评估含烟和吸烟对剂量的贡献，因为吸烟的这些部分不会被吸烟机捕获。在人体研究的基础上，为产品量身定做人体喷雾曲线，并比较不同方案的结果，可能会更好地对香烟进行比较。存在着主要的研究空白，限制了吸烟机研究为烟草控制法规和机制研究提供信息。
Recent Food and Drug Administration legislation enables the mandating of product performance standards for cigarette smoke and the evaluation of manufacturers’ health claims for modified tobacco products. Laboratory studies used for these evaluations, and also to understand tobacco smoke toxicology, use machines to generate smoke. The goal of this review is to critically evaluate methods to assess human smoking behavior and replicate this in the laboratory. Smoking behavior and smoking machine studies were identified using PubMed and publically available databases for internal tobacco company documents. The smoking machine was developed to generate smoke to allow for comparing cigarette tar and nicotine yields. The intent was to infer relative human disease risk, but this concept was flawed because humans tailor their smoking to the product and chemical yields and toxicological effects change with different smoking profiles. While smoking machines also allow for mechanistic assessments of smoking-related diseases, the interpretations also are limited. However, available methods to assess how humans puff could be used to provide better laboratory assessments, but these need to be validated. Separately, the contribution of smoke mouth-holding and inhalation to dose need to be assessed, because these parts of smoking are not captured by the smoking machine. Better comparisons of cigarettes might be done by tailoring human puff profiles to the product based on human studies and comparing results across regimens. There are major research gaps that limit the use of smoking machine studies for informing tobacco control regulation and mechanistic studies.