Modelling and Control of a 96V Hybrid Urban Bus
Modelling and Control of a 96V Hybrid Urban Bus
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96V 混合动力城市公交车的建模与控制
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
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通讯作者：
R. Best
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. Murtagh;J. Early;G. Stevens;G. Cunningham;R. Douglas;R. Best
本文介绍了下一代并联式混合动力电动动力系统技术在城市公交车上的开发和车载验证测试。采用面向前向的MATLAB/Simulink动力传动系统模型，开发了基于规则的后变速器并联混合动力城市客车确定性控制系统。该控制策略针对传统动力系统效率通常较低的领域，专注于在不提高车辆性能的情况下提高燃油经济性和排放。所存储的电能用于辅助内燃机系统，从而导致燃料消耗的总体降低，同时将车辆性能保持在与基线常规内燃机操作相当的水平。再生制动与车辆上现有的制动系统集成在一起，并且控制系统被定制为在减速事件和加速踏板抬起期间最大化回收的能量，而不会对车辆的正常行为产生不利影响。该控制系统在原型单层（Streetlite）和双层（Streetdeck）车辆配置上实施，与合作伙伴Wrightbus一起进行真实的车辆测试。混合动力车在英国低碳车辆伙伴关系公交车循环（基于伦敦159号公交车路线）上比传统的欧六柴油车减少了34%（单层）/ 35%（双层）的等效二氧化碳排放量。这些结果与目前获得类似认证的替代动力系统技术相比毫不逊色。此外，下一代混合动力城市公交车具有几个明显的优势，因为它不受基础设施，范围或地形问题的限制，并且具有相对较低的购买价格。混合动力公交车技术提供了在不对运营或预算进行重大修改的情况下保持现有服务水平的选择，同时大幅减少了车队的平均排放量。
This paper describes the development and on-vehicle validation testing of next generation parallel hybrid electric powertrain technology for use in urban buses. A forward-facing MATLAB/Simulink powertrain model was used to develop a rule-based deterministic control system for a post-transmission parallel hybrid urban bus. The control strategy targeted areas where conventional powertrains are typically less efficient, focused on improving fuel economy and emissions without boosting vehicle performance. Stored electrical energy is deployed to assist the IC engine system leading to an overall reduction in fuel consumption while maintaining vehicle performance at a level comparable with baseline conventional IC engine operation. Regenerative braking is integrated with the existing braking systems on the vehicle, and the control system tailored to maximise the amount of energy recuperated during deceleration events and accelerator pedal lift off without adversely impacting on the normal behaviour of the vehicle. The control system was implemented on both prototype single (Streetlite) and double-deck (Streetdeck) vehicle configurations for real vehicle testing with partner Wrightbus. The hybridisation has reduced equivalent CO 2 emissions by 34% (single-deck)/ 35% (double-deck) over the conventional Euro VI diesel vehicle on the Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership UK bus cycle (based on London Bus Route 159). These results compare favourably with alternative powertrain technologies currently available with similar certification. Moreover, the next generation hybrid urban bus has several distinct advantages as it is less restricted by infrastructure, range, or terrain issues, and has a comparatively lower purchase price point. Hybrid bus technologies offer the option of maintaining existing service levels without significant modifications to operations or budgets while achieving significant reductions in average fleet emissions.