FAO calls for actions to reduce global soil erosion
FAO calls for actions to reduce global soil erosion
复制标题
粮农组织呼吁采取行动减少全球土壤侵蚀
DOI：
10.1007/s11027-019-09892-3
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Panagos P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Panagos P
土壤是一种有限的资源，对于生产食物、固碳、调节水和养分、过滤污染物、增强生物多样性、储存遗产和调节气候至关重要（Arshad和Martin，2002年）。由于人口增长、经济发展和气候变化，全球土壤持续退化（Montanarella et al. 2016）。土壤侵蚀是土壤退化的一种主要形式，因为全球有超过10亿公顷的土地受到某种形式的侵蚀（例如水、风和沟）的影响（Lal 2003）。人类活动和相关的土地利用变化（森林砍伐和耕地增加）是2001年至2012年间水土流失增加2.5%的主要原因（Borrelli等人，2017）。《世界土壤资源状况报告》（粮农组织和ITPS 2015）发现，土壤侵蚀是全球土壤功能面临的最大威胁（Montanarella et al. 2016），危及粮食安全、水质和减缓气候变化。新的估计表明，全球GDP每年损失约80亿美元，产量减少3370万吨，取水量增加480亿立方米（Sartori等人，2019年）。政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）在其最近的政策报告中强调了全球平均气温上升对荒漠化、土地退化（土壤侵蚀、植被丧失）和粮食安全的影响（IPCC 2019）。虽然这些国际机构（IPCC、UNCCD和IPBES）都认识到了土壤侵蚀问题，但全球层面的政治行动仍然缺乏（Panagos et al. 2016）。在一次回应中，联合国召集了来自100多个国家的500多名与会者和科学家，呼吁进行社区全球土壤侵蚀评估。这一呼吁是在2019年5月粮农组织全球土壤侵蚀研讨会（FAO 2019）上提出的;由联合国粮食及农业组织、全球土壤伙伴关系和政府间土壤技术小组（ITPS）组织。其目的是将科学和政策联系起来，以应对减轻土壤侵蚀的挑战。研讨会围绕以下三个主题组织，其目标是将科学付诸行动：（1）在土壤侵蚀控制中使用数据和评估工具;
Soil is a finite resource which is vital for producing food, sequestrating carbon, regulating water and nutrients, filtering contaminants, enhancing biodiversity, storing heritage, and regulating climate (Arshad and Martin 2002). Global soils are continuously degraded because of population growth, economic development, and climate change (Montanarella et al. 2016). Soil erosion is a major form of soil degradation as more than 1 billion hectares globally are affected by some form of erosion (eg, water, wind, and gully)(Lal 2003). Human activity and the related land use changes (deforestation and cropland increase) are the main reasons for a 2.5% increase of soil erosion by water between 2001 and 2012 (Borrelli et al. 2017). The Status of the World’s Soil Resources Report (FAO and ITPS 2015) found that soil erosion represents the greatest global threat to soil functions (Montanarella et al. 2016), risking food security, water quality, and climate change mitigation. New estimates indicate the annual loss to global GDP at~ $8 billion, reducing yields by 33.7 million tonnes, and increasing water abstraction by 48 billion m3 (Sartori et al. 2019). In its recent policy report, the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) highlights the impact of global mean temperature increase on desertification, land degradation (soil erosion, vegetation loss), and food security (IPCC 2019). While the problem of soil erosion is acknowledged by such international bodies (IPCC, UNCCD, and IPBES), political action at a global level is still missing (Panagos et al. 2016).In one response, the United Nations brought together a group of more than 500 participants with scientists from over 100 countries calling for a community global soil erosion assessment. The call was made at the FAO Global Symposium on Soil Erosion in May 2019 (FAO 2019); organized by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, the Global Soil Partnership and the Inter-governmental Technical Panel on Soils (ITPS). The aim is to connect science and policy to tackle the challenges of soil erosion mitigation. The symposium was organized under 3 themes with the objective to bring science into action, based around the following:(1) use of data and assessment tools in soil erosion control;