Observed and Model-Derived Ozone Production Efficiency over Urban and Rural New York State
Observed and Model-Derived Ozone Production Efficiency over Urban and Rural New York State
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DOI：
10.3390/atmos8070126
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发表时间：
2017-07
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
M. Ninneman;Sarah Lu;Pius Lee;J. Mcqueen;Jianping Huang;K. Demerjian;J. Schwab
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Ninneman;Sarah Lu;Pius Lee;J. Mcqueen;Jianping Huang;K. Demerjian;J. Schwab
本研究检验了 2016 年夏季光化学生产时间（东部标准时间 (EST) 上午 11 点至下午 4 点）在纽约州艾迪生 Pinnacle 州立公园 (PSP) 的一处农村地点和纽约州法拉盛皇后学院 (QC) 的一处城市地点的模型导出和观察到的臭氧生产效率 (OPE = ΔOx/ΔNOz)。测量数据和模型预测来自美国国家海洋和大气管理局国家空气质量预报能力 (NOAA NAQFC) — 社区多尺度空气质量 (CMAQ) 模型版本 4.6 (v4.6) 和 5.0.2 (v5.0.2) 用于评估两个地点的 OPE。 CMAQ 预测的 OPE 和观察到的 OPE 在 PSP 上往往不一致，而在 QC 上则相当一致，在 PSP 上，模型预测的 OPE 和观察到的 OPE 范围分别约为 5-11 和 10-13； QC 处分别为 4-7 和 6-8。 PSP 研究了观察到的 OPE 与氮氧化物 (NOx) 之间的关系，以检查 OPE 下降可能发生在何处。 2016 年夏季 PSP 的观测结果并未显示出明显的 OPE 下降，但确实表明，无论 [NOx] 水平如何，PSP 的 OPE 仍然很高（10 或更高）。 QC 观测到的 OPE 是通过使用物种特异性活性奇氮 (NOy) 仪器和二氧化氮 (NO2) 估计值发现的，因为使用非特异性 NOx 和 NOy 仪器测定的观测 OPE 产生的观测 OPE 结果 (1) 约为 11-25，(2) 有时具有负 [NOz] 浓度，(3) 与 CMAQ 预测的 OPE 不一致。 QC 观察到的 OPE 的差异取决于所使用的仪器套件，这表明可能需要特定物种的 NOx 和 NOy 仪器才能获得可靠的城市 OPE。
This study examined the model-derived and observed ozone production efficiency (OPE = ∆Ox/∆NOz) in one rural location, Pinnacle State Park (PSP) in Addison, New York (NY), and one urban location, Queens College (QC) in Flushing, NY, in New York State (NYS) during photo-chemically productive hours (11 a.m.–4 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST)) in summer 2016. Measurement data and model predictions from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NOAA NAQFC)—Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model versions 4.6 (v4.6) and 5.0.2 (v5.0.2) were used to assess the OPE at both sites. CMAQ-predicted and observed OPEs were often in poor agreement at PSP and in reasonable agreement at QC, with model-predicted and observed OPEs, ranging from approximately 5–11 and 10–13, respectively, at PSP; and 4–7 and 6–8, respectively, at QC. The observed relationship between OPE and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) was studied at PSP to examine where the OPE downturn may have occurred. Summer 2016 observations at PSP did not reveal a distinct OPE downturn, but they did indicate that the OPE at PSP remained high (10 or greater) regardless of the [NOx] level. The observed OPEs at QC were found by using species-specific reactive odd nitrogen (NOy) instruments and an estimated value for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), since observed OPEs determined using non-specific NOx and NOy instruments yielded observed OPE results that (1) varied from approximately 11–25, (2) sometimes had negative [NOz] concentrations, and (3) were inconsistent with CMAQ-predicted OPE. This difference in observed OPEs at QC depending on the suite of instruments used suggests that species-specific NOx and NOy instruments may be needed to obtain reliable urban OPEs.