Seasonal variation of the transport of black carbon aerosol from the Asian continent to the Arctic during the ARCTAS aircraft campaign
Seasonal variation of the transport of black carbon aerosol from the Asian continent to the Arctic during the ARCTAS aircraft campaign
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DOI：
10.1029/2010jd015067
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发表时间：
2011-03
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Matsui;Y. Kondo;N. Moteki;N. Takegawa;L. Sahu;Yongjing Zhao;H. Fuelberg;W. Sessions;G. Diskin;D. Blake;A. Wisthaler;M. Koike
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作者：
H. Matsui;Y. Kondo;N. Moteki;N. Takegawa;L. Sahu;Yongjing Zhao;H. Fuelberg;W. Sessions;G. Diskin;D. Blake;A. Wisthaler;M. Koike
[1]2008年4月和6月至7月，在北极从飞机和卫星上研究对流层组成（ARCTAS）活动期间，在北美北极及其附近进行了广泛的黑碳气溶胶测量。我们确定的途径和机制的运输BC从亚洲大陆到北极使用这些数据。BC在北美北极地区的浓度、传输效率和测量高度依赖于季节和空气包裹的来源，例如，生物质燃烧（BB）在俄罗斯（俄罗斯BB）和人为（AN）在东亚（亚洲AN）。俄罗斯BB空气主要是在对流层中部测量，并在春季造成最大BC浓度在这个高度。俄罗斯BB空气中的BC浓度和输送效率在春季分别为270 ng m−3（STP）和80%，在夏季分别为20 ng m−3和4%。亚洲空气中硝酸盐含量最常在对流层上层测量，春季的中值为20 ng m−3，占13%，夏季为5 ng m−3，占0.8%。这些明显的差异被解释的差异，在运输机制和累积降水沿着轨迹（APT），这是在运输过程中的湿去除过程的措施。俄罗斯BB空气到北极的运输几乎是等熵的，上升缓慢（低APT），而亚洲AN空气经历了强烈的隆起与温暖的传送带（高APT）。由于夏季湿度的增加，夏季的APT值远大于春季。这些结果表明，在东亚的AN源排放的BC对北极的影响是非常有限的春季和夏季。俄罗斯春季的BB排放被证明是向北美北极输送BC的最重要来源。
[1] Extensive measurements of black carbon (BC) aerosol were conducted in and near the North American Arctic during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) aircraft campaign in April and June–July 2008. We identify the pathways and mechanisms of transport of BC to the Arctic from the Asian continent using these data. The concentration, transport efficiency, and measured altitude of BC over the North American Arctic were highly dependent on season and origin of air parcels, e.g., biomass burning (BB) in Russia (Russian BB) and anthropogenic (AN) in East Asia (Asian AN). Russian BB air was mainly measured in the middle troposphere and caused maximum BC concentrations at this altitude in spring. The median BC concentration and transport efficiency of the Russian BB air were 270 ng m−3 (at STP) and 80% in spring and 20 ng m−3 and 4% in summer, respectively. Asian AN air was measured most frequently in the upper troposphere, with median values of 20 ng m−3 and 13% in spring and 5 ng m−3 and 0.8% in summer. These distinct differences are explained by differences in the transport mechanisms and accumulated precipitation along trajectories (APT), which is a measure of wet removal processes during transport. The transport of Russian BB air to the Arctic was nearly isentropic with slow ascent (low APT), while Asian AN air underwent strong uplift associated with warm conveyor belts (high APT). The APT values in summer were much larger than those in spring due to the increase in humidity in summer. These results show that the impact of BC emitted from AN sources in East Asia on the Arctic was very limited in both spring and summer. The BB emissions in Russia in spring are demonstrated to be the most important sources of BC transported to the North American Arctic.