Wild emmer genome architecture and diversity elucidate wheat evolution and domestication
Wild emmer genome architecture and diversity elucidate wheat evolution and domestication
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DOI：
10.1126/science.aan0032
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发表时间：
2017-07-07
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Distelfeld, Assaf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Avni, Raz;Nave, Moran;Distelfeld, Assaf
小麦(Triticum spp.)是可能在1万多年前推动新石器时代向肥沃新月会的定居农业社会过渡的创始作物之一。识别小麦驯化的遗传修饰需要了解其异源四倍体祖先野生二粒小麦(T.turgiumSSP.双孢子虫)。我们报道了野生四倍体小麦14条染色体的10.1千兆碱基组装，以及对基因含量、基因组结构和遗传多样性的分析。利用这个完整组装的多倍体小麦基因组，我们鉴定了控制碎裂的脆性轴1(TtBtr1)基因的因果突变，碎裂是关键的驯化性状。对野生和驯化材料基因组多样性的研究表明，驯化后的基因组区域具有选择的特征。该参考组件将作为加速现代小麦品种基因组辅助改良的资源。
Wheat (Triticum spp.) is one of the founder crops that likely drove the Neolithic transition to sedentary agrarian societies in the Fertile Crescent more than 10,000 years ago. Identifying genetic modifications underlying wheat's domestication requires knowledge about the genome of its allo-tetraploid progenitor, wild emmer (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides). We report a 10.1-gigabase assembly of the 14 chromosomes of wild tetraploid wheat, as well as analyses of gene content, genome architecture, and genetic diversity. With this fully assembled polyploid wheat genome, we identified the causal mutations in Brittle Rachis 1 (TtBtr1) genes controlling shattering, a key domestication trait. A study of genomic diversity among wild and domesticated accessions revealed genomic regions bearing the signature of selection under domestication. This reference assembly will serve as a resource for accelerating the genome-assisted improvement of modern wheat varieties.