Pentraxins: structure, function, and role in inflammation.
Pentraxins: structure, function, and role in inflammation.
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DOI：
10.1155/2013/379040
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发表时间：
2013-09-14
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Du Clos TW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Du Clos TW
五聚蛋白是一个古老的蛋白质家族，其独特的结构在进化过程中可追溯到马蹄蟹。在人类中，这个家族的两个成员是C - 反应蛋白和血清淀粉样蛋白P。五聚蛋白是由其序列同源性、五聚体结构以及它们与配体的钙依赖性结合来定义的。五聚蛋白作为可溶性模式识别分子发挥作用，这些蛋白质最早且最重要的作用之一是主要针对病原菌的宿主防御。它们通过激活补体途径以及与Fcγ受体结合，作为病原体的调理素发挥作用。五聚蛋白还能识别受损细胞暴露或释放的膜磷脂和核成分。C - 反应蛋白与小分子核糖核蛋白有特异性相互作用，而血清淀粉样蛋白P是DNA（两种核自身抗原）的主要识别分子。在自身免疫和炎症疾病模型中的研究表明，五聚蛋白与巨噬细胞Fc受体相互作用以调节炎症反应。由于C - 反应蛋白是一种强急性期反应物，它被广泛用作炎症和感染的标志物。
The pentraxins are an ancient family of proteins with a unique architecture found as far back in evolution as the Horseshoe crab. In humans the two members of this family are C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P. Pentraxins are defined by their sequence homology, their pentameric structure and their calcium-dependent binding to their ligands. Pentraxins function as soluble pattern recognition molecules and one of the earliest and most important roles for these proteins is host defense primarily against pathogenic bacteria. They function as opsonins for pathogens through activation of the complement pathway and through binding to Fc gamma receptors. Pentraxins also recognize membrane phospholipids and nuclear components exposed on or released by damaged cells. CRP has a specific interaction with small nuclear ribonucleoproteins whereas SAP is a major recognition molecule for DNA, two nuclear autoantigens. Studies in autoimmune and inflammatory disease models suggest that pentraxins interact with macrophage Fc receptors to regulate the inflammatory response. Because CRP is a strong acute phase reactant it is widely used as a marker of inflammation and infection.