Auxin activity: Past, present, and future.
Auxin activity: Past, present, and future.
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DOI：
10.3732/ajb.1400285
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发表时间：
2015-02
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Strader LC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Enders TA;Strader LC
早在植物激素生长素的化学特性被发现之前，它就被认为是调节植物生长的物质。在19世纪后期，萨克斯假设植物生长调节剂，存在于少量，在整个植物中差异移动以调节生长。与此同时，查尔斯达尔文和弗朗西斯达尔文发现，光和重力是由芽和根的尖端感知的，刺激被传递到其他组织，这些组织经历了生长反应。这些想法由Boysen-Jensen和Paál改进，后来发展成Cholodny-Went假说，即向性是由生长促进物质的不对称分布引起的。这些观察导致了许多努力，以确定这种难以捉摸的生长促进物质，我们现在知道的生长素。在这篇关于生长素领域在过去世纪的进展的综述中，我们从Kenneth Thimann和Charles Schneider在《美国植物学杂志》上发表的题为“不同生长素的相对活性”的开创性论文开始，他们在论文中比较了几种生长素化合物的生长改变特性。从这一点出发，我们探讨了现代分子对生长素的理解，包括它的生物合成，运输和感知。最后，我们结束这篇评论的讨论突出的问题和未来的发展方向在生长素领域。在过去的100年里，我们在了解生长素生物学方面的大部分进展都依赖于生长素研究人员的稳定和集体进步;我们预计，下一个100年的生长素研究也将取得许多令人兴奋的进展。
Long before its chemical identity was known, the phytohormone auxin was postulated to regulate plant growth. In the late 1800s, Sachs hypothesized that plant growth regulators, present in small amounts, move differentially throughout the plant to regulate growth. Concurrently, Charles Darwin and Francis Darwin were discovering that light and gravity were perceived by the tips of shoots and roots and that the stimulus was transmitted to other tissues, which underwent a growth response. These ideas were improved upon by Boysen-Jensen and Paál and were later developed into the Cholodny–Went hypothesis that tropisms were caused by the asymmetric distribution of a growth-promoting substance. These observations led to many efforts to identify this elusive growth-promoting substance, which we now know as auxin. In this review of auxin field advances over the past century, we start with a seminal paper by Kenneth Thimann and Charles Schneider titled “The relative activities of different auxins” from the American Journal of Botany, in which they compare the growth altering properties of several auxinic compounds. From this point, we explore the modern molecular understanding of auxin—including its biosynthesis, transport, and perception. Finally, we end this review with a discussion of outstanding questions and future directions in the auxin field. Over the past 100 yr, much of our progress in understanding auxin biology has relied on the steady and collective advance of the field of auxin researchers; we expect that the next 100 yr of auxin research will likewise make many exciting advances.