Fifty Years Later: A Critical Review of the Stratigraphy, Chronology and Context of the Nahal Mishmar Hoard
Fifty Years Later: A Critical Review of the Stratigraphy, Chronology and Context of the Nahal Mishmar Hoard
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五十年后：对纳哈尔米什马尔宝藏的地层学、年代学和背景的批判性回顾
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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
I. Gilead
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作者：
I. Gilead
1961年发现的Nahal Mishmar宝藏是古代冶金学研究的里程碑。虽然自从发现以来，已经研究了囤积物的重要方面，特别是技术，成分，矿石的来源，图像学和社会影响，但对囤积物在洞穴中的空间和地层位置及其与其他铜石时代和后来的遗迹的关系进行了严格的审查。我们对现有的空间和年代学数据的分析表明，一些关于铜石时代遗骸的共同假设应该受到质疑。例如，洞穴中很可能没有铜器时代的羊毛纺织品;石榴和其他几种植物遗骸似乎是罗马人的;目前关于社会等级和有组织的墓地的建议，基于人类遗骸，不能得到证实。14 C日期和陶器组合的性质表明，洞穴的占领是晚Ghassulian（公元前第五个千年的最后四分之一）。因此，这批宝藏似乎与纳哈勒比尔舍瓦地区的遗址有关，而不是与恩盖迪有关。文物的象征性质和它们最终的葬礼式的隐藏，表明铜文物的生产是仪式化过程的一部分。
The discovery of the Nahal Mishmar hoard in 1961 is a milestone in the study of ancient metallurgy. While important aspects of the hoard have been studied since its discovery, especially the technology, composition, provenance of the ore, iconography and social implications, a critical review of the hoard’s spatial and stratigraphic position in the cave and its relation to other Chalcolithic and later remains has not been carried out. Our analysis of the available spatial and chronological data indicates that some common assumptions concerning the Chalcolithic remains should be questioned. For example, there were most probably no Chalcolithic woolen textiles in the cave; pomegranate and several other vegetal remains seem to be Roman; the current suggestions concerning social hierarchy and an organized cemetery, on the basis of the human remains, cannot be substantiated. The 14 C dates and the nature of the pottery assemblages indicate that the occupation of the cave is Late Ghassulian (last quarter of the Fifth Millennium Cal BC). It therefore seems that the hoard was related to sites in the Nahal Beer Sheva area rather than to En Gedi. The symbolic nature of artifacts and their final ritual burial-like concealment, suggest that the production of the copper artifacts was part of a ritualized process.