Cultural evolution and individual development of openness and conservatism
Cultural evolution and individual development of openness and conservatism
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0908889106
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发表时间：
2009-11-10
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Ghirlanda, Stefano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Acerbi, Alberto;Enquist, Magnus;Ghirlanda, Stefano
我们提出了一个文化进化模型，其中个人参与社会学习的倾向受到社会学习本身的影响。我们假设个体观察他人所展示的文化特征，并根据他们对所展示特征的总体偏好来决定是否复制它们。偏好也可以在个体之间传递。我们的研究结果表明，这种文化动态往往产生保守的个人，即，不愿意复制新特征的人。然而，当个人需要大量时间来获得使他们成为有效文化模式的文化特征时，对新信息的开放性可以保持。我们发现，年轻人逐渐文化化的许多模型和更大的文化剧目被收购的个人和团体的长期保持开放性的有利条件。我们的研究结果与终身人格变化的数据一致，表明对新信息的开放性随着年龄的增长而下降。我们的研究结果表明，文化传播的文化重塑是文化进化的强大力量，即，文化进化可以改变自身的动力。
We present a model of cultural evolution in which an individual's propensity to engage in social learning is affected by social learning itself. We assume that individuals observe cultural traits displayed by others and decide whether to copy them based on their overall preference for the displayed traits. Preferences, too, can be transmitted between individuals. Our results show that such cultural dynamics tends to produce conservative individuals, i.e., individuals who are reluctant to copy new traits. Openness to new information, however, can be maintained when individuals need significant time to acquire the cultural traits that make them effective cultural models. We show that a gradual enculturation of young individuals by many models and a larger cultural repertoire to be acquired are favorable circumstances for the long-term maintenance of openness in individuals and groups. Our results agree with data about lifetime personality change, showing that openness to new information decreases with age. Our results show that cultural remodeling of cultural transmission is a powerful force in cultural evolution, i.e., that cultural evolution can change its own dynamics.