Towards a Patent Pool for HIV Medicines: The Background.
Towards a Patent Pool for HIV Medicines: The Background.
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DOI：
10.2174/1874613601004020033
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发表时间：
2010-01-19
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Childs, Michelle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Childs, Michelle
世卫组织最近关于抗逆转录病毒治疗的指南建议将一线和二线抗逆转录病毒治疗改为使用毒性较小但价格较高的药物，这对许多艾滋病治疗规划的财政可持续性提出了质疑。与此同时，许多主要的仿制药生产国，如印度，现在授予药品专利，因此多个制造商之间的竞争将无法发挥它在降低新药价格方面的作用。克服这些专利障碍将需要一系列解决方案，例如限制可专利性标准或强制许可。专利池提供了另一个系统解决办法，这是一种管理专利权的集体解决办法，最初由无国界医生组织向法国外交部提出，随后于2006年向国际药品采购机制执行委员会提出。不应不惜任何代价实施专利池，而应满足医疗需求，以经济现实为基础，并满足发展中国家，包括中等收入国家的获取需求。
Recent WHO guidelines for antiretroviral therapy recommend switching to less toxic, but more expensive medicines for first-line and second-line ART, raising questions about the financial sustainability of many AIDS treatment programmes. At the same time, many key generic producing countries such as India now grant pharmaceutical product patents so competition between multiple manufacturers will not be able to play the role it has in bringing down the price of newer drugs.Overcoming these patent barriers will require a range of solutions, such as restricting patentability criteria, or compulsory licensing. One additional systematic solution is provided by the patent pool, a collective solution to the management of patent rights, initially presented by Medecins Sans Frontieres to the French Foreign Ministry and subsequently the UNITAID Executive Board in 2006.A patent pool must not be implemented at any costs, but answer medical needs, be based on economic realities and meet the access needs of the developing world, including middle-income countries.