A danger foreseen is a danger avoided: how chemical cues of different tadpoles influence parental decisions of a Neotropical poison frog

A danger foreseen is a danger avoided: how chemical cues of different tadpoles influence parental decisions of a Neotropical poison frog
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预见到的危险就是避免的危险:不同蝌蚪的化学信号如何影响新热带毒蛙的亲代决定

DOI:
10.1007/s10071-013-0659-2
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Lötters
Lötters
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schulte;Lötters

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保护后代免受捕食者和竞争者的侵害,对于使用空间分离的繁殖资源的生物体来说尤其重要,这阻碍了后代逃跑的机会。这种孤立的生殖资源的一个例子是植物叶(植物叶腋中的小水体),被新热带区的毒蛙Ranitomeya variabilis(树蛙科)用于孵化和蝌蚪沉积。由于毒蛙蝌蚪经常同类相食,父母往往避免沉积与同种。先前的研究表明,这种回避是基于同种蝌蚪产生的化学线索。此外,线索产生的遗传学相关的蝌蚪(蟾蜍科),避免离合器,但不是蝌蚪沉积。我们分析了不同的反应蝌蚪线索是如何触发的。我们测试了父母的反应。variabilisto蝌蚪线索的物种不同,在两个方面:他们是否是dendrobatids,以及他们是否复制phytotelmata。我们发现,对于离合器沉积,蝌蚪线索总是避免,即,所有的蝌蚪都被青蛙视为对卵构成威胁。然而,蝌蚪沉积的反应各不相同:而dendrobatid幼虫生活在phytotelmata避免,那些在流中繁殖。无毒蛙蝌蚪被忽略时,与栖息地以外的phytotelmata,但他们更喜欢生活在phytotelmata。这表明,两个发育和蝌蚪栖息地是重要的触发器的决定byR。只有使用相同繁殖资源的蝌蚪被认为与青蛙自己的幼虫相关(即,作为一种潜在的危险或食物资源),而进一步的决定与进化关系有关。
The protection of offspring against predators and competitors is especially important in organisms using spatially separated breeding resources, impeding the offspring’s chances to escape. One example of such isolated reproductive resources are phytotelmata (small water bodies in plant axils), exploited by the Neotropical poison frogRanitomeya variabilis(Dendrobatidae) for both clutch and tadpole deposition. Because poison frog tadpoles are often cannibalistic, parents tend to avoid deposition with conspecifics. Previous studies have shown that this avoidance is based on chemical cues produced by conspecific tadpoles. Further, cues produced by phylogenetically less-related tadpoles (Bufonidae) were avoided for clutch but not tadpole depositions. We analyzed how the different responses to tadpole cues are triggered. We tested the reactions of parentalR. variabilisto tadpole cues of species differing in two aspects: whether or not they are dendrobatids, and whether or not they reproduce in phytotelmata. We found that for clutch deposition, tadpole cues were always avoided, i.e., all tadpoles were treated by the frogs as if they pose a danger to the eggs. However, responses varied for tadpole depositions: while dendrobatid larvae living in phytotelmata were avoided, those breeding in streams were not. Non-poison frog tadpoles were ignored when associated with habitat other than phytotelmata, but they were preferred when living in phytotelmata. This suggests that both phylogeny and tadpole habitat are important triggers for the decisions made byR. variabilis.Only tadpoles using the same breeding resources are considered as relevant for the frog’s own larvae (i.e., as a potential danger or food resource), while further decisions are related to evolutionary relationship.
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