Animal Community Dynamics at Senescent and Active Vents at the 9°N East Pacific Rise After a Volcanic Eruption
Animal Community Dynamics at Senescent and Active Vents at the 9°N East Pacific Rise After a Volcanic Eruption
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2019.00832
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发表时间：
2020-01-24
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bright, Monika
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gollner, Sabine;Govenar, Breea;Bright, Monika
2005/2006年，一次大规模火山爆发掩埋了东太平洋海隆（EPR）喷口区9度大面积的动物群落。在2006年年底，我们开始在几种类型的喷发后喷口社区，包括那些要么幸存下来的喷发，重新建立后的喷发，或出现在新的网站殖民化的研究。其中一些喷口是活跃的，而另一些则似乎正在衰老。虽然未铺砌（幸存）喷口群落的空间规模很小（几平方米，而铺砌总面积为几平方公里），但在幸存的活跃喷口和衰老喷口地点的残余个体可能对群落化很重要。在未铺设路面的地区共发现46种小型和大型底栖动物，其中33种在2006年还出现在新的地点。生活在非铺砌区的动物是避难种群，在扰动后可直接作为新喷口点的源种群。残留对小型底栖生物可能特别重要，因为许多分类群的幼虫扩散有限或没有。小型底栖生物可能主要通过从当地避难区迁移到新的喷口地点，那里繁殖和丰富的小型底栖生物正在蓬勃发展。这些研究结果对于今后在深海热液喷口进行深海采矿的任何潜在设想都很重要。在我们4年的研究期间，我们定期观察喷口栖息地与管虫组合，成为衰老和死亡，喷口流体排放局部停止在补丁内活跃的喷口网站。衰老喷口中物种丰富，既有典型的喷口物种，也有稀有但未描述的物种。衰老喷口的贡献显着的多样性，在9度N EPR与55大型底栖动物物种（11单）和74小型底栖动物物种（19单）。在这129个与衰老喷口有关的物种中，有60个尚未报告来自活跃喷口。管虫和其他喷口巨型动物不仅在活着时作为基础物种，而且在死亡时也提供栖息地，维持丰富多样的小型动物群。
In 2005/2006, a major volcanic eruption buried faunal communities over a large area of the 9 degrees N East Pacific Rise (EPR) vent field. In late 2006, we initiated colonization studies at several types of post eruption vent communities including those that either survived the eruption, re-established after the eruption, or arisen at new sites. Some of these vents were active whereas others appeared senescent. Although the spatial scale of non-paved (surviving) vent communities was small (several m(2) compared to several km(2) of total paved area), the remnant individuals at surviving active and senescent vent sites may be important for recolonization. A total of 46 meio- and macrofauna species were encountered at non-paved areas with 33 of those species detected were also present at new sites in 2006. The animals living at non-paved areas represent refuge populations that could act as source populations for new vent sites directly after disturbance. Remnants may be especially important for the meiofauna, where many taxa have limited or no larval dispersal. Meiofauna may reach new vent sites predominantly via migration from local refuge areas, where a reproductive and abundant meiofauna is thriving. These findings are important to consider in any potential future deep-sea mining scenario at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Within our 4-year study period, we regularly observed vent habitats with tubeworm assemblages that became senescent and died, as vent fluid emissions locally stopped at patches within active vent sites. Senescent vents harbored a species rich mix of typical vent species as well as rare yet undescribed species. The senescent vents contributed significantly to diversity at the 9 degrees N EPR with 55 macrofaunal species (11 singletons) and 74 meiofaunal species (19 singletons). Of these 129 species associated with senescent vents, 60 have not been reported from active vents. Tubeworms and other vent megafauna not only act as foundation species when alive but provide habitat also when dead, sustaining abundant and diverse small sized fauna.