COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
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DOI：
10.1038/scientificamerican1062-93
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发表时间：
1962-01-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
FESTINGER, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FESTINGER, L
有一个心理学的实验，你可以很容易地完成。如果你有一个三四岁的孩子，买两个你确信对孩子同样有吸引力的玩具。”又说：“这两个人都是好人。这个给你留着另一个我必须还给商店。然后你把属于他的玩具递给他，问他：“这两个玩具你更喜欢哪一个？”“研究表明，在这种情况下，大多数孩子会告诉你，他们更喜欢他们要保留的玩具。孩子们的这种反应似乎与“篱笆那边的草总是更绿”这句老话相冲突。成年人在类似的情况下会有同样的反应吗？还是随着年龄的增长，这句谚语确实变成了现实？这个问题值得考虑，因为成年人的世界充满了选择和替代行动方案，这些选择和方案往往同样具有吸引力。当人们在大学、汽车、配偶、房子或政治候选人中做出选择时，大多数人是对自己的选择感到满意，还是倾向于希望自己做出了不同的选择？当然，根据某种客观的衡量标准，任何选择都可能被证明是一个糟糕的选择，但问题是：在做出一个决定之后，是否有某种心理过程立即发挥作用，影响一个人对这个决定的态度，无论是有利的还是不利的？为了阐明这个问题，我们可以在家里做另一个实验，这次是用一个成年人而不是一个孩子作为实验对象。给你的妻子买两件礼物，同样选择你有理由相信她会觉得同样有吸引力的东西。找一些似是而非的借口让他们两个在你的
There is an experiment in psychol ogy that you can perform easily. in your own home if you have a child three or four years old. Buy two toys that you are fairly sure will be equally attractive to the child. Show them both to him and say:" Here are two nice toys. This one is for you to keep. The other I must give back to the store." You then hand the child the toy that is his to keep and ask:" Which of the two toys do you like better?" Studies have shown that in such a situation most children will tell you they prefer the toy they are to keep. This response of children seems to conflict with the old saying that the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence. Do adults respond in the same way under similar circumstances or does the adage indeed become true as we grow older? The question is of consider able interest because the adult world is filled with choices and alternative courses of action that are often about equally attractive. When they make a choice of a college or a car or a spouse or a home or a political candidate, do most people remain satisfied with their choice or do they tend to wish they had made a different one? Naturally any choice may turn out to be a bad one on the basis of some objective measure ment, but the question is: Does some psychological process come into play immediately after the making of a choice that colors one's attitude, either favor ably or unfavorably, toward the deci sion?To illuminate this question there is an other experiment one can do at home, this time using an adult as a subject rather than a child. Buy two presents for your wife, again choosing things you are reasonably sure she will find about equally attractive. Find some plausible excuse for having both of them in your