Diversity and seasonal changes of uncultured Planctomycetales in river biofilms
Diversity and seasonal changes of uncultured Planctomycetales in river biofilms
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.70.9.5094-5101.2004
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Wagner-Döbler, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brümmer, IHM;Felske, ADM;Wagner-Döbler, I
浮游菌的细胞计数表明，有高水平的这些生物在夏季和低水平在冬季原位生长在两条污染的河流，易北河和Spittelwasser河的生物膜。在这项研究中，基于16S rRNA的方法被用来研究这些变化是否与物种组成的变化相关。在这两条河流中发现的16S rRNA基因的浮游菌特异性克隆文库显示，有7个簇，这是遥远的相关属Pirellula，浮游菌，和Gemmata。Spittelwasser河的大部分序列隶属于Pirellula相关的聚类，而易北河的大部分克隆则属于与Planctomelula相关的三个聚类和与Pirellula相关的一个深分支聚类。一些集群还包含来自世界各地的淡水环境中的序列，我们的生物膜克隆的相似性高达99.8%，这表明存在全球分布的淡水浮游菌集群尚未被培养。从易北河生物膜样品收集每月1年的温度梯度凝胶电泳产生的浮游菌16S rRNA基因的社区指纹。鉴定了16条带，这些带大部分代表与浮游植物属相关的生物。指纹图谱显示，大部分谱带具有较强的季节性，冬夏差异明显。因此，浮游菌目在河流生物膜的丰度的季节性变化耦合到社会组成的变化。
Cell counts of planctomycetes showed that there were high levels of these organisms in the summer and low levels in the winter in biofilms grown in situ in two polluted rivers, the Elbe River and the Spittelwasser River. In this study 16S rRNA-based methods were used to investigate if these changes were correlated with changes in the species composition. Planctomycete-specific clone libraries of the 16S rRNA genes found in both rivers showed that there were seven clusters, which were distantly related to the genera Pirellula, Planctomyces, and Gemmata. The majority of the sequences from the Spittelwasser River were affiliated with a cluster related to Pirellula, while the majority of the clones from the Elbe River fell into three clusters related to Planctomyces and one deeply branching cluster related to Pirellula. Some clusters also contained sequences derived from freshwater environments worldwide, and the similarities to our biofilm clones were as high as 99.8%, indicating the presence of globally distributed freshwater clusters of planctomycetes that have not been cultivated yet. Community fingerprints of planctomycete 16S rRNA genes were generated by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis from Elbe River biofilm samples collected monthly for 1 year. Sixteen bands were identified, and for the most part these bands represented organisms related to the genus Planctomyces. The fingerprints showed that there was strong seasonality of most bands and that there were clear differences in the summer and the winter. Thus, seasonal changes in the abundance of Planctomycetales in river biofilms were coupled to shifts in the community composition.