Xanthine Oxidoreductase-Derived Reactive Species: Physiological and Pathological Effects.
Xanthine Oxidoreductase-Derived Reactive Species: Physiological and Pathological Effects.
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DOI：
10.1155/2016/3527579
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bolognesi A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Battelli MG;Polito L;Bortolotti M;Bolognesi A
黄嘌呤氧化还原酶（XOR）是催化次黄嘌呤氧化为黄嘌呤和黄嘌呤氧化为尿酸的酶，广泛分布于物种中。除了这种管家功能，哺乳动物的XOR也是超氧离子、过氧化氢和一氧化氮的生理来源，它们可以作为激活各种途径的第二信使。本文就xor衍生氧化分子的生理和病理作用作一综述。XOR产品的细胞杀伤作用已被声称与组织损伤有关，特别是由缺氧和缺血引起的损伤。也有报道试图利用这种活性通过构建共轭物来消除不需要的细胞。此外，还考虑了与炎症、内皮细胞激活、白细胞激活和血管张力调节相关的XOR活性的不同方面。最后，我们分析了与癌症病理相关的阳性和阴性结果，因为XOR产物可能诱导突变、细胞增殖和肿瘤进展，但它们也与细胞凋亡和细胞分化有关。总之，异或活性产生自由基和其他氧化反应物质，可能导致有害或有益的结果。
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is the enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid and is widely distributed among species. In addition to this housekeeping function, mammalian XOR is a physiological source of superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide, which can function as second messengers in the activation of various pathways. This review intends to address the physiological and pathological roles of XOR-derived oxidant molecules. The cytocidal action of XOR products has been claimed in relation to tissue damage, in particular damage induced by hypoxia and ischemia. Attempts to exploit this activity to eliminate unwanted cells via the construction of conjugates have also been reported. Moreover, different aspects of XOR activity related to phlogosis, endothelial activation, leukocyte activation, and vascular tone regulation, have been taken into consideration. Finally, the positive and negative outcomes concerning cancer pathology have been analyzed because XOR products may induce mutagenesis, cell proliferation, and tumor progression, but they are also associated with apoptosis and cell differentiation. In conclusion, XOR activity generates free radicals and other oxidant reactive species that may result in either harmful or beneficial outcomes.