Fragmented fibre (including microplastic) pollution from textiles
Fragmented fibre (including microplastic) pollution from textiles
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DOI：
10.1080/00405167.2022.2066913
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发表时间：
2021-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Alma V Palacios-Marín;M. Tausif
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alma V Palacios-Marín;M. Tausif
摘要微塑料（MP）污染对我们生态系统的威胁是众所周知的。天然的，再生的，和合成的碎片纤维（FF）的存在和它们在陆地和水生环境中的丰度已被广泛报道。所有纺织品在其生命周期中都会释放FF，而不限于塑料，它们通过不同的扩散途径进入环境。除了聚合物的性质之外，FF还可以是危险化学品的载体。MP（和FF）无处不在的性质使其广泛成为最持久和最普遍的人为污染物之一。本综述的重点是在湿（主要是洗涤）和干暴露条件下产生和释放的织物纤维。摘要和批判性的分析，目前的方法，以产生，收集，测量，并从纺织品洗衣废水中去除。总结了关键参数对FF释放的影响;包括清洗设备/条件、过滤程序、表征技术以及纺织材料和结构的影响。将关键出版物的结果制成表格以进行直接比较，其中包括每个清洗周期释放的FF估计数量和长度分布曲线。虽然湿释放途径受到更多关注，但通过干释放途径的释放也很重要。因此，对干法（大气沉积和织物磨损）FF的收集和表征进行详细概述非常重要。最后，全面概述了最新的研究和工业应用的缓解策略，以限制在洗衣过程中从纺织品来源释放FF。简要概述了MP（和FF）的影响，包括环境、人类健康和退化。改进塑料，减少对环境的影响，塑料回收和减少消费至关重要。尽管如此，从纺织品释放FF仍然是一个挑战，因为它们的生产是无意的。
Abstract The threat of microplastic (MP) pollution to our ecosystem is well established. The presence of natural, regenerated, and synthetic fragmented fibres (FF) and their abundance in terrestrial and aquatic environments has been extensively reported. All textiles release FF during their lifecycle, not limited to plastics, which find their way to the environment through different dispersal pathways. Beyond the nature of the polymer, the FF can also can be a carrier of hazardous chemicals. The ubiquitous nature of MPs (and FF) has widely placed them as one of the most enduring and pervasive anthropogenic pollutants. This review is focused on FFs generated and released from textiles during wet (predominantly laundering) and dry exposure conditions. A summary and critical analysis of the current methods to generate, collect, measure, and characterise FF from textile laundry effluent is presented. The impact of key parameters on the release of FF is summarised; including washing equipment/conditions, filtration procedures, characterisation techniques, and the effect of textile materials and structure. The results from key publications are tabulated for direct comparisons, this includes estimated number of FF released per washing cycle and length distribution profile. Though the wet route of release has gained more attention, the release through dry routes is also significant. Hence, a detailed overview of the collection and characterisation of FF from dry routes (atmospheric deposition and textile abrasion) was important. Finally, a comprehensive overview of latest research and industrially-applied mitigation strategies to limit the release of FF from textile sources during laundry is included. The impact of MPs (and FF) is briefly outlined covering the environment, human health and degradation. Improved plastics with reduced environmental impact, plastic recycling and reduced consumption are vital. Still, the release of FFs from textiles remains a challenge since their production is unintentional.