Mechanisms of Endogenous Neuroprotective Effects of Astrocytes in Brain Injury.
Mechanisms of Endogenous Neuroprotective Effects of Astrocytes in Brain Injury.
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DOI：
10.1155/2018/6501031
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Day RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bylicky MA;Mueller GP;Day RM
星形胶质细胞曾被认为仅作为神经元结构支撑的“胶水”，但现已被证明在维持和保护神经元方面发挥着关键作用，特别是在急性或慢性损伤的情况下。至少有七种不同的机制，星形胶质细胞保护神经元免受损伤;这些是（1）保护免受谷氨酸毒性，（2）保护免受氧化还原应激，（3）介导线粒体修复机制，（4）保护免受葡萄糖诱导的代谢应激，（5）保护免受铁毒性，（6）调节脑中的免疫应答，和（7）在DNA损伤存在下维持组织内稳态。星形胶质细胞通过对压力或毒性条件的专门反应来支持这些关键功能。星形胶质细胞的解毒活性对于维持神经元周围的微环境和整个组织的稳态是必不可少的。对星形胶质细胞保护大脑的机制的进一步理解可能会导致开发新的神经保护策略的目标。
Astrocytes, once believed to serve only as “glue” for the structural support of neurons, have been demonstrated to serve critical functions for the maintenance and protection of neurons, especially under conditions of acute or chronic injury. There are at least seven distinct mechanisms by which astrocytes protect neurons from damage; these are (1) protection against glutamate toxicity, (2) protection against redox stress, (3) mediation of mitochondrial repair mechanisms, (4) protection against glucose-induced metabolic stress, (5) protection against iron toxicity, (6) modulation of the immune response in the brain, and (7) maintenance of tissue homeostasis in the presence of DNA damage. Astrocytes support these critical functions through specialized responses to stress or toxic conditions. The detoxifying activities of astrocytes are essential for maintenance of the microenvironment surrounding neurons and in whole tissue homeostasis. Improved understanding of the mechanisms by which astrocytes protect the brain could lead to the development of novel targets for the development of neuroprotective strategies.
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