Harm, care and babies: An inequalities and policy discourse perspective on recent child protection trends in Aotearoa New Zealand
Harm, care and babies: An inequalities and policy discourse perspective on recent child protection trends in Aotearoa New Zealand
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伤害、护理和婴儿：新西兰近期儿童保护趋势的不平等和政策论述视角
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发表时间：
2019
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通讯作者：
Emily Keddell
中科院分区：
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作者：
Emily Keddell
导言：检查儿童保护统计数据的基本趋势，可以对整个系统的运作有所了解。方法：本文使用官方信息法和公开数据来检查与新西兰奥特罗阿儿童保护系统接触的儿童的最新趋势。它从儿童保护政策改革和不平等的角度讨论了这些趋势。调查结果：尽管因身体虐待和可能的儿童死亡而住院的人数稳步减少，但接受治疗的儿童人数有所增加，接受治疗的报告、虐待的证据和入院治疗的人数也有所减少。这一增长是由于离开看护的儿童减少，特别是10岁以下的儿童。移除的婴儿增加了33%；这是区域化的，与大一点的婴儿相比，对未出生的婴儿更多地使用法律命令。Māori的比例正在增加，而其他组保持稳定或减少。亲属照护的使用有所增加。对实践或政策的影响：与儿童保护系统接触比率的变化反映了服务需求和供应、社会不平等、政策背景和实践逻辑之间复杂的相互作用。入院时的决策变化反映出标准越来越严格，只关注风险最高的家庭。然而，侧重于早期转移到永久性和早期干预话语的“供应”政策可能会导致进入托儿所的幼儿增加，并且一旦他们进入那里就会呆得更久。影响预防性服务提供、社会保护和制度化偏见的“需求”政策也可能是原因之一。需要更多的研究来充分了解这些模式。
INTRODUCTION: Examining basic trends in child protection statistics give some insight into the functioning of the system overall. METHODS: This article uses Official Information Act and publicly available data to examine recent trends of children in contact with the Aotearoa New Zealand child protection system. It discusses these trends with reference to child protection policy reforms, and an inequalities perspective. FINDINGS: There has been an increase of children in care despite steady reductions in hospitalisations for physical abuse and possibly child deaths, accepted reports of concern, abuse substantiations and entries to care. The increase is caused by fewer children exiting care, particularly for children under 10 years old. There is a 33% increase in babies removed; this is regionalised and with more use of legal orders on unborn, as opposed to older babies. Disproportionality for Māori is increasing, while other groups remain stable or reduce. The use of kinship care has increased. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE OR POLICY: Changes in rates of contact with the child protection system reflect complex interactions between demand and supply of services, social inequalities, the policy context and practice logics. Changing decision-making at intake reflects tightening criteria to focus on only the highest risk families. However, “supply” policies that focus on early removal to permanency and early-intervention discourses may result in an increase in younger children entering care, and staying longer once they get there. “Demand” policies affecting preventive service provision, social protections and institutionalised bias may also be contributors. More research is needed to fully understand these patterns.