Surveillance of Culex spp. vectors and zoonotic arboviruses at a zoo in the United Kingdom
Surveillance of Culex spp. vectors and zoonotic arboviruses at a zoo in the United Kingdom
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DOI：
10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26477
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发表时间：
2024-02-29
期刊：
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Hesson，Jenny C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hernandez-Colina，Arturo;Seechurn，Nicola;Hesson，Jenny C.
欧洲出现了几种由蚊子传播的人畜共患病病原体，包括西尼罗河病毒、辛德比斯病毒和乌苏图病毒，这强调了持续监测的重要性。通常需要大量的实地工作来检测蚊子中的低流行率病原体，并且很少在采集蚊子样本的同时进行脊椎动物宿主和水库的筛选。动物园为病原体、蚊子、宿主和水库的同时监测提供了机会；因此，本研究的目的是对英国切斯特动物园(柴郡)野生鸟类和蚊子的蚊媒病原体进行综合监测。在2020年9月收集了蚊子，并使用RT-qPCRs对人畜共患鸟类寄生的虫媒病毒(即西尼罗河病毒、Usutu病毒和Sindbis病毒)进行了检测。在捕获的3316只蚊子中，98%被鉴定为库蚊。使用文献中发现的病毒的平均最小流行率来计算以99%的置信度检测这些病毒所需的样本量。对2878名雌性蚊子的检测没有发现这三种病毒存在的证据。不同采样点和采集期的蚊虫丰度有显著差异；此外，鸟舍附近还发现了幼蚊和休眠蚊子的重要来源。2020年5月至12月，动物园发现11种18只野鸟死亡，并进行了西尼罗河病毒和乌苏图病毒的RT-qPCR检测；所有样本的病毒感染均为阴性。这些病毒不太可能在采样期间出现在动物园；但是，由于它们在欧洲传播，而Usutu病毒已在英国分离出来，并可能在这里越冬，因此建议继续监测蚊子和野鸟，因为病毒可能会传入和传播。这项研究强调了对动物园内的人畜共患病病原体进行定期和综合的虫媒病毒监测的重要性，为此目的提供了基线信息。
The emergence of several zoonotic mosquito-borne pathogens in Europe, including West Nile virus, Sindbis virus and Usutu virus, has emphasised the importance of consistent surveillance. Considerable fieldwork effort is usually needed to detect low-prevalence pathogens in mosquitoes and screening vertebrate hosts and reservoirs is rarely done simultaneously with mosquito sampling. Zoological gardens offer an opportunity for the surveillance of pathogens, mosquitoes, hosts, and reservoirs concurrently; thus, the aim of this study was undertaking integrated surveillance for mosquito-borne pathogens of wild birds and mosquitoes in Chester Zoo (Cheshire) in the United Kingdom. Mosquitoes were collected in September 2020 and tested for zoonotic bird-hosted arboviruses (i.e., West Nile virus, Usutu virus and Sindbis virus) using RT-qPCRs. Of the 3316 mosquitoes trapped, 98% were identified asCulexspp. The average minimum prevalence of the viruses found in the literature was used to calculate the sample size needed for detecting these viruses with 99% confidence. The testing of 2878Culexfemales found no evidence of presence of the three viruses. Significant differences were found in mosquito abundance per sampling site and collection date; furthermore, important sources of immature and resting mosquitoes were found near aviaries. Eighteen wild birds belonging to 11 species were found dead in the zoo from May to December 2020 and were RT-qPCR tested for West Nile virus and Usutu virus; all samples resulted negative for viral infection. It is unlikely that these viruses were present in the zoo during the sampling period; however, since they circulate in Europe and Usutu virus has been isolated in the United Kingdom and may overwinter here, continued monitoring of mosquitoes and wild birds is recommended as virus introduction and dissemination are possible. This study highlights the importance of regular and integrated arboviral surveillance of zoonotic pathogens in zoos providing baseline information to that end.