Estuarine dredge and fill activities: A review of impacts
Estuarine dredge and fill activities: A review of impacts
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河口疏浚和填土活动：影响回顾
DOI：
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Johnston
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Johnston
河口的疏浚和填埋活动对环境有许多影响，尽管不是全部，但大多数都是有害的。这些影响包括浊度增加导致光线穿透减少；潮汐交换、混合和环流改变；减少沼泽和沼泽的养分流出；盐水入侵增加；并且创造了一个易受周期性低溶解氧水平影响的环境。珊瑚、牡蛎和藤壶特别容易受到泥沙淤积的影响。疏浚作业释放到水柱中的污染物可能对河口动植物造成伤害。减轻疏浚和填土工程影响的方法包括在施工前和施工后进行仔细的环境研究；在无法避免海岸湿地的地方，使用桥架建造路基；采用浊度纸尿裤等方法控制浊度；在底栖动物数量少的时期或潮汐期间进行疏浚，这会将较粗的沉积物从牡蛎礁等生产区带走；对废料进行周到的处理，例如在高地上设置适当的堤防。
Dredge and fill activities in estuaries have many environmental effects, most, although not all, of them deleterious. These effects include reduced light penetration by increased turbidity; altered tidal exchange, mixing, and circulation; reduced nutrient outflow from marshes and swamps; increased saltwater intrusion; and creation of an environment highly susceptible to recurrent low dissolved oxygen levels. Coral, oysters, and barnacles are particularly vulnerable to the effects of siltation. Both estuarine flora and fauna may be harmed by contaminants released into the water column by dredging operations. Ways to mitigate the effects of dredge and fill operations include careful pre- and post-construction environmental studies; use of bridging to create roadbeds where coastal wetlands cannot be avoided; use of a turbidity diaper and other means to control turbidity; dredging during periods of low benthic populations or during tides that would carry coarser sediments away from productive areas such as oyster reefs; and thoughtful disposal of spoil, such as locating spoil sites on the uplands with proper diking.