Environmental Sources of Bacteria Differentially Influence Host-Associated Microbial Dynamics.
Environmental Sources of Bacteria Differentially Influence Host-Associated Microbial Dynamics.
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DOI：
10.1128/msystems.00052-18
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发表时间：
2018-05
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Gilbert JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cardona C;Lax S;Larsen P;Stephens B;Hampton-Marcell J;Edwardson CF;Henry C;Van Bonn B;Gilbert JA
这些结果为了解外源微生物暴露的生态影响提供了宝贵的见解，并为改进水族馆管理实践奠定了基础。通过比较使用天然海水和人工海水的水族馆中的海豚数据，我们证明了水族馆水消毒程序对海豚微生物动态的潜在影响。与宿主相关的微生物动态受到饮食和免疫因素的影响，但外源微生物暴露如何影响宿主-微生物动态仍然知之甚少。为了研究这一现象，我们在 6 周的时间内每天对 4 只水族馆饲养的海豚的皮肤、直肠和呼吸道相关微生物群进行了表征，包括在第 4 至 6 周期间施用益生菌。还对环境细菌来源进行了表征，包括动物的人类处理者、水族馆的空气和水以及海豚的食物供应。所有地点之间都发生了连续的微生物暴露，但每个环境都保持了特征性的微生物群，这表明大多数暴露事件不会导致定植。水物理化学的微小变化与海豚相关细菌丰富度的变化具有显着但微弱的相关性，但对系统发育多样性没有影响。在没有益生菌的情况下，食物和空气微生物群最丰富，对其他微生物群的条件影响最大，但在益生菌给药期间，单独的食物对海豚微生物群的稳定性影响最大。我们的结果表明，呼吸道和胃肠道上皮与空气和食物相关微生物的相互作用对宿主微生物群动态的影响最大，而其他相互作用，例如皮肤传播，只发挥次要作用。最后，外源微生物源的直接口腔刺激可以对微生物稳定性产生深远的影响。重要性这些结果为了解外源微生物暴露的生态影响提供了宝贵的见解，并为改进水族馆管理实践奠定了基础。通过比较使用天然海水和人工海水的水族馆中的海豚数据，我们证明了水族馆水消毒程序对海豚微生物动态的潜在影响。
These results provide valuable insights into the ecological influence of exogenous microbial exposure, as well as laying the foundation for improving aquarium management practices. By comparing data for dolphins from aquaria that use natural versus artificial seawater, we demonstrate the potential influence of aquarium water disinfection procedures on dolphin microbial dynamics. Host-associated microbial dynamics are influenced by dietary and immune factors, but how exogenous microbial exposure shapes host-microbe dynamics remains poorly characterized. To investigate this phenomenon, we characterized the skin, rectum, and respiratory tract-associated microbiota in four aquarium-housed dolphins daily over a period of 6 weeks, including administration of a probiotic during weeks 4 to 6. The environmental bacterial sources were also characterized, including the animals’ human handlers, the aquarium air and water, and the dolphins’ food supply. Continuous microbial exposure occurred between all sites, yet each environment maintained a characteristic microbiota, suggesting that the majority of exposure events do not result in colonization. Small changes in water physicochemistry had a significant but weak correlation with change in dolphin-associated bacterial richness but had no influence on phylogenetic diversity. Food and air microbiota were the richest and had the largest conditional influence on other microbiota in the absence of probiotics, but during probiotic administration, food alone had the largest influence on the stability of the dolphin microbiota. Our results suggest that respiratory tract and gastrointestinal epithelium interactions with air- and food-associated microbes had the biggest influence on host-microbiota dynamics, while other interactions, such as skin transmission, played only a minor role. Finally, direct oral stimulation with a foreign exogenous microbial source can have a profound effect on microbial stability. IMPORTANCE These results provide valuable insights into the ecological influence of exogenous microbial exposure, as well as laying the foundation for improving aquarium management practices. By comparing data for dolphins from aquaria that use natural versus artificial seawater, we demonstrate the potential influence of aquarium water disinfection procedures on dolphin microbial dynamics.