Effects of dysphoria and induced negative mood on the processes underlying hindsight bias
Effects of dysphoria and induced negative mood on the processes underlying hindsight bias
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DOI：
10.1080/02699931.2016.1249461
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Bayen, Ute J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gross, Julia;Bayen, Ute J.
后见之明偏见是指一旦事实或事件被知道，人们倾向于高估自己对事实或事件的先验知识。一些理论框架表明，情感状态可能会影响后见之明偏见。非焦虑受试者（n = 123，BDI = 13）处于消极或中性情绪，焦虑受试者（n = 19，BDI > 13）生成并回忆困难知识问题的答案。所有小组都表现出后见之明的偏见，也就是说，当这个答案在回忆时显示时，他们回忆起的估计更接近正确答案。然而，多项模型显示，在烦躁不安和诱导的负面情绪不同的过程促成了后见之明的偏见。与中性情绪相比，焦虑症，而不是诱导的消极情绪，与更强的重建偏见。中性情绪下出现回忆偏向，而诱发性消极情绪和焦虑情绪下均未出现回忆偏向。这些发现突出了烦躁和诱发的消极情绪的认知后果之间的差异。
Hindsight bias is the tendency to overestimate one's prior knowledge of facts or events once the actual facts or events are known. Several theoretical frameworks suggest that affective states might influence hindsight bias. Nondysphoric participants (n = 123, BDI = 13) in negative or neutral mood, and dysphoric participants (n = 19, BDI > 13) generated and recalled answers to difficult knowledge questions. All groups showed hindsight bias, that is, their recalled estimates were closer to the correct answer when this answer was shown at recall. Multinomial modelling revealed, however, that under dysphoria and induced negative mood different processes contributed to hindsight bias. Dysphoria, but not induced negative mood, was associated with a stronger reconstruction bias, compared with neutral mood. A recollection bias appeared in neutral, but neither in induced negative nor dysphoric mood. These findings highlight differences between the cognitive consequences of dysphoria and induced negative mood.