Documenting the heritage along the Silk Road: An ethnobotanical study of medicinal teas used in Southern Xinjiang, China
Documenting the heritage along the Silk Road: An ethnobotanical study of medicinal teas used in Southern Xinjiang, China
复制标题
记录丝绸之路沿线的遗产：中国南疆药茶的民族植物学研究
DOI：
10.1016/j.jep.2020.113012
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发表时间：
2020-10-05
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Fu, Yao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abdusalam, Aysajan;Zhang, Yu;Fu, Yao
民族药物学意义：在古代丝绸之路市场开始之前，南疆人中国就开始饮用保健药茶。几项药学研究表明，南疆使用的药茶具有潜在的保健功效，中国说。本研究的目的：(1)建立南疆药用茶树种类及其组合的综合记录，并结合相关传统保健知识，中国；(2)评价药用茶树的安全性；(3)阐述药用茶树的可持续利用现状。材料和方法：采用半结构访谈法，于2014年至2019年在新疆10个县市和4个主要药茶市场进行实地调查和市场调查。我们采访了236名举报人和70名药茶商贩。常用的MTP按被引频次进行排序。根据专家知识并参照《用作食品的药用植物官方清单》，对安全问题进行了评估。作为采访的一部分，评估了植物使用的保护意义，并与官方记录进行了交叉引用。结果：调查发现有65个科145种不同的植物用于制作药茶，使已知的中草药茶种类从782种增加到884种。优势科为豆科、蔷薇科、唇形科和杏科。草本(60.7%，88种)是最常用的植物类型，果实(23.1%，50种)和种子(22.2%，48种)是最常用的部位。近一半(42.1%)的植物是从国外引进的。受访者报告了50多种药茶的保健用途。补药(13.7%，71种)和促进消化(9.6%，50种)是最常被提及的保健用途。常用植物种类以香料(20种，占50%)和芳香植物(10种，占25%)为主。肉桂(Cinnamomum Cassia(L.)J.Presl、Piper long um L.Syzygium aromaticum(L.)默尔。&L.M.Perry和Gardenia jasminodes J.Ellis是被引用最多的两个种。高剂量胡椒、番红花、姜黄、L和番泻叶。可能会对健康产生负面影响。对茶树物种的保护状况和可持续利用的评估表明，野生采摘茶树的数量可能会减少。和紫檀属(Ptercarpus incus Wild.)结论：中国，南疆药茶植物物种多样性高，传统知识丰富。一些药茶的传统保健用途也得到了药学证据的支持。其他人应该进一步调查。对于常用的野生物种来说，存在保护压力。中国的健康中国2030政策应该更多地考虑到传统文化习俗。在这样做的过程中，地方和国家政府的议程都可能寻求促进可持续收获和保护传统知识，以便这一文化遗产在未来继续为人类福祉服务。
Ethnopharmacological relevance: People in Southern Xinjiang, China have been consuming medicinal teas for healthcare since before the ancient Silk Road markets began. Several pharmaceutical studies have illustrated the potential healthcare benefits of medicinal teas used in Southern Xinjiang, China. However, little information is available from the literature about the diversity of the species used and related traditional knowledge of these medicinal teas.Aims of the study: (i) create a comprehensive record of medicinal tea plant species (MTPS) and combinations used with related traditional knowledge for healthcare in Southern Xinjiang, China; (ii) assess safety of MTPS, and (iii) address conservation status for sustainable use of MTPS.Materials and methods: We employed both field and market surveys from 2014 to 2019 in 10 counties/cities and four main medicinal tea markets by using semi-structured interviews. We interviewed 236 informants and 70 medicinal tea shop vendors. The commonly used MTPS were ranked by Frequency of Citation. Safety issues were assessed based on expert knowledge and with reference to the official list of Medicinal Plants Used as Food. Conservation implications of plant use were assessed as part of the interviews and this was cross referenced with official records.Results: The surveys revealed 145 different plants from 65 families used for making medicinal teas, expanding the list of known Chinese herbal tea species from 782 to 884. Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae and Apiaceae were dominant families. Herbs (60.7%, 88 species) were the most commonly used plant types; fruits (23.1%, 50 species) and seeds (22.2%, 48 species) were commonly used parts. Nearly half (42.1%) of the plant species were introduced from abroad. Respondents reported more than 50 types of healthcare uses of medicinal teas. Tonic (13.7%, 71 species) and promoting digestion (9.6%, 50 species) were the most frequently mentioned healthcare uses. The majority of commonly used plant species were spices (20 species, 50%) and aromatic plants (10 species, 25%). Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl, Piper longum L. Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry and Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis were the most cited species. High doses of Piper longum L., Crocus sativus L., Curcuma longa L, and Senna alexandrina Mill. May have negative health implications. Assessments of conservation status and sustainable use of tea species indicate that wild harvesting of Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC. and Pterocarpus indicus Willd. Should be controlled and cultivation technologies should be improved.Conclusions: We found high plant species diversity and rich traditional knowledge of medicinal teas used in Southern Xinjiang, China. The traditional healthcare uses of some of the medicinal teas are also supported by pharmaceutical evidence. Others should be investigated further. Conservation pressures exist for commonly used wild species. China's 'Healthy China 2030' policy should do more to take traditional cultural practices into account. In doing so, both local and national government agendas may seek to promote sustainable harvest and to protect traditional knowledge so that this cultural heritage continues to serve human well-being into the future.