Focused Attention in Toddlers: Measurement, Stability, and Relations to Negative Emotion and Parenting.
Focused Attention in Toddlers: Measurement, Stability, and Relations to Negative Emotion and Parenting.
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DOI：
10.1002/icd.580
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发表时间：
2008-08
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Eisenberg, Nancy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gaertner, Bridget M.;Spinrad, Tracy L.;Eisenberg, Nancy
这项纵向研究考察了幼儿在大约18个月大（T1; n = 256）和一年后（T2; n = 230）集中注意力的个体差异和相关性。幼儿的注意力和负面情绪由母亲和非父母照顾者报告，并由观察者进行全球评级。幼儿的集中注意力也被观察到在两个母子互动和一个独立的游戏任务。通过自我报告和观察获得母亲的情绪支持和控制措施。幼儿的注意力指数之间的一些同期关系，特别是观察措施。此外，所有的注意力指标都表现出随时间的稳定性。消极情绪与幼儿在这两个年龄段观察到的注意力呈负相关，而母亲的赞扬有积极的并发协会。母亲控制呈负相关，观察到的注意力在T2，也预测纵向，但只有儿童最初有低或中度的注意力。研究结果表明，集中注意力的个体差异在生命早期表现出稳定性，但可能受到成年社会化的影响。
This longitudinal study examined individual differences and correlates of focused attention when toddlers were approximately 18 months old (T1; n = 256) and a year later (T2; n = 230). Toddlers’ attention and negative emotionality were reported by mothers and non-parental caregivers and rated globally by observers. Toddlers’ focused attention also was observed during two mother-child interactions and an independent play task. Measures of maternal emotional support and control were obtained via self-report and observation. Some contemporaneous relations among indices of toddlers’ attention were obtained, particularly for observed measures. Moreover, all measures of attention demonstrated stability across time. Negative emotionality was negatively related to toddlers’ observed attention at both ages, whereas maternal praise had positive concurrent associations. Maternal control was negatively related to observed observed attention at T2 and also predicted longitudinally, but only for children who initially had low or moderate attention. The findings suggest that individual differences in focused attention evidence stability early in life but can be influenced by adult socialization.