PharmaChain: A blockchain to ensure counterfeit‐free pharmaceutical supply chain
PharmaChain: A blockchain to ensure counterfeit‐free pharmaceutical supply chain
复制标题
PharmaChain：确保药品供应链无假冒的区块链
DOI：
10.1049/ntw2.12041
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Bapatla, Anusha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bapatla, Anand K.;Mohanty, Saraju P.;Kougianos, Elias;Puthal, Deepak;Bapatla, Anusha
全球化促进了不同行业消除地理界限，并使组织能够共同生产商品。制药业就是这样一个主要受益于全球化的行业，在药品的研究、开发、制造和最终分销的各个方面降低了成本并提高了盈利能力。全球化不仅降低了该行业的成本并增加了利润，而且还为所有人提供了基本药物，即使是在不发达国家、发展中国家和发达国家的偏远地区。随着药品供应链 (PSC) 中实体或参与者数量的增加，从制造商到消费者的药品交付的复杂性和抽象性不断增加，这引发了新的担忧，例如假药、到达消费者手中的药品信息不正确、不完整或没有，从而损害了客户的信心，最重要的是配送延迟，可能对消费者的生活和业务增长造成严重影响。考虑到所有这些挑战，迫切需要一个强大的 PSC，它可以消除盲目方并提供透明的链条。透明的 PSC 将通过为药品的整个生命周期创建安全、单一的事实来源轨迹，消除不同参与实体之间的数据碎片，从而消除假冒产品的出现并确保消费者安全。本文提出了一种新型的基于分布式账本技术（DLT）的 PSC 透明供应链，并实施了概念验证来分析所提出架构的可扩展性和效率。分布式账本技术（DLT）是可以提供这种透明PSC的技术之一，而智能合约（SC）是此类系统中最常用的组件，用于实现业务逻辑和访问控制机制。拟议的 PharmaChain 模型研究了 PSC 中主要实体之间的所有交互，并解决了智能合约问题，例如重入、随机性和缺乏可信的数据馈送。将结果与其他提出的基于 DLT 的 PSC 解决方案进行了比较。
Globalisation has facilitated different industries to eliminate geographical boundaries and equipped organisations to work collectively to produce goods. Pharmaceuticals is one such industry which has majorly benefited from globalisation to reduce costs and increase profitability at different aspects of research, development, manufacturing of drugs and finally distribution of drugs. Globalisation not only reduces costs and increases profits for the industry, it also makes essential medication available to all individuals even at remote areas of undeveloped, developing and developed countries. As the number of entities or participants grew in the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain (PSC), the complexity and abstractness of the drug delivery from manufacturer to consumer has increased, which raised new concerns like counterfeit medication, incorrect, incomplete or no information about the drug reaching the consumer thus undermining customer confidence and most importantly distribution delays which can cause serious impact on the life of the consumer as well as business growth. Considering all these challenges, there is a dire need for a robust PSC which can eliminate blind parties and provide a transparent chain. A transparent PSC will eliminate data fragmentation between different participating entities by creating a trail of secure, single source of truth for the entire life cycle of a medicine, thereby eliminating the introduction of counterfeits and ensuring the consumer safety. This article proposes a novel Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) based transparent supply chain for PSC and proof‐of‐concept is implemented to analyse the scalability and efficiency of the proposed architecture. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is one of the technologies which can provide such transparent PSC and Smart Contracts (SC) are the most commonly used component in such systems to implement business logic and access control mechanisms. The proposed PharmaChain model investigates all the interactions between the main entities in PSC and also addresses smart contract issues such as re‐entrance, randomness and lacking trustworthy data feed. Results are compared with other proposed solutions for PSC based on DLT.