Identification of callus types for long-term maintenance and regeneration from commercial cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Identification of callus types for long-term maintenance and regeneration from commercial cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00226873
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发表时间：
1990-05
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
F. Redway;V. Vasil;D. Lu;I. K. Vasil
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Redway;V. Vasil;D. Lu;I. K. Vasil
小麦的八个商业品种的未成熟胚、花序和花药在多种培养基上形成胚性愈伤组织。未成熟胚（1.0-1.5毫米长）被发现最适合胚性愈伤组织形成，而花药反应较差；花序给出中间值。不同品种的未成熟胚对所测试的 12 种培养基中的 11 种的反应显示出愈伤组织形成的显着差异。当胚胎在相似条件下在含有两倍浓度无机盐并补充有2,4-D、酪蛋白水解物和谷氨酰胺的MS培养基上培养时，没有观察到显着差异。此外，对于花序也没有观察到显着差异。愈伤组织形成培养基上的外植体形成两种类型的胚发生愈伤组织：灰白色、致密、结节状愈伤组织和白色致密愈伤组织。经过连续的传代培养（大约5个月），结节状胚性愈伤组织变得更加明显，被鉴定为“老化愈伤组织”。经过进一步传代培养，老化愈伤组织形成灰白色、柔软且易碎的胚性愈伤组织。老化的和易碎的愈伤组织在多次传代培养中（迄今为止长达19个月）都保持了其胚胎发生能力。来自不同愈伤组织形成培养基的所有胚性愈伤组织（1个月大），无论外生来源如何，都在再生培养基上仅形成绿芽，并在温室中发育成熟。来自在不同起始培养基上培养的胚和花序的愈伤组织的反应没有显着差异。此外，各品种的芽形成能力没有显着差异。花药衍生的愈伤组织形成的芽最少。再生培养基上老化且易碎的愈伤组织也形成绿芽，但频率较低。长期培养的植物也在土壤中生长至成熟。
Immature embryos, inflorescences, and anthers of eight commercial cultivars ofTriticum aestivum(wheat) formed embryogenic callus on a variety of media. Immature embryos (1.0–1.5 mm long) were found to be most suitable for embryogenic callus formation while anthers responded poorly; inflorescences gave intermediate values. Immature embryos of various cultivars showed significant differences in callus formation in response to 11 of the 12 media tested. No significant differences were observed when the embryos were cultred under similar conditions on MS medium with twice the concentration of inorganic salts, supplemented with 2,4-D, casein hydrolysate and glutamine. Furthermore, with inflorescences also no significant differences were observed. Explants on callus formation media formed two types of embryogenic calli: an off-white, compact, and nodular callus and a white compact callus. Upon successive subcultures (approximately 5 months), the nodular embryogenic callus became more prominent and was identified as ‘aged callus’. The aged callus upon further subculture, formed an off-white, soft, and friable embryogenic callus. Both the aged and friable calli maintained their embryogenic capacity over many subculture passages (to date up to 19 months). All embryogenic calli (1 month old) from the different callus-forming media, irrespective of expiant source, formed only green shoots on regeneration media that developed to maturity in the greenhouse. There were no significant differences in the response of calli derived from embryos and inflorescences cultured on the different initiation media. Also, the shoot-forming capacity of the cultivars was not significantly different. Anther-derived calli formed the least shoots. Aged and friable calli on regeneration media also formed green shoots but at lower frequencies. Plants from long-term culture have also been grown to maturity in soil.