Estimating the Changes in Glaciers and Glacial Lakes in the Xixabangma Massif, Central Himalayas, between 1974 and 2018 from Multisource Remote Sensing Data
Estimating the Changes in Glaciers and Glacial Lakes in the Xixabangma Massif, Central Himalayas, between 1974 and 2018 from Multisource Remote Sensing Data
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利用多源遥感数据估算喜马拉雅中部希夏邦马地块1974年至2018年冰川和冰湖的变化
DOI：
10.3390/rs13193903
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Xin Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yingzheng Wang;Jia Li;Lixin Wu;Lei Guo;Jun Hu;Xin Zhang
山谷冰川的持续融化会影响冰川湖的水位，并造成冰川湖溃决洪水（GLOFs）。Xixabangma是喜马拉雅山脉人口最多的地区之一，并遭受了多个GLOFs。为估算西夏邦马冰川近40年来的冰川融化速率，分析冰川湖溃决风险，利用KH-9、TanDEM-X影像、Landsat影像、SRTM DEM和ICESat-2高程，分析了西夏邦马冰川物质平衡、冰川面积和冰川湖面积的变化。我们的研究结果表明，从1974年到2018年，冰川总面积从954.01平方公里减少到752.46平方公里，而冰川湖泊总面积从20.90平方公里增加到38.71平方公里。从1974年到2000年，2000年到2013年和2013年到2018年，整个区域的冰川质量平衡值为-0.16 m w.e./ a，-0.31 m w.e./ a和−0.29 m w.e./ A，分别。从1974年到2018年，三个冰川湖泊，即冈西错、嘎隆错和加隆错分别扩大了127.14%、373.45%和436.36%，2000年到2013年，其母冰川的质量损失率分别比1974年到2000年增加了81.72%、122.22%和160.00%。这三个湖的堤坝都不稳定，它们的排水山谷直接连接到一个主要城镇及其基础设施。由于目前的高水位，可能发生的外部事件，如冰崩、滑坡、暴雨和地震，很容易引发全球洪水。因此，我们认为岗西错、嘎隆错和加隆错冰湖是危险的，需要特别注意。
The continuous melting of valley glaciers can impact the water levels of glacial lakes and create glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). The Xixabangma massif is one of the most populated areas in the Himalayas and has suffered from multiple GLOFs. To estimate the glacier melting rate in the past four decades and analyze the outburst risk of glacial lakes in the Xixabangma massif, we determined changes in glacier mass balance, glacier area and glacial lake area based on KH-9 images, TanDEM-X images, Landsat images, SRTM DEM and ICESat-2 elevations. Our results show that, from 1974 to 2018, the total glacier area shrank from 954.01 km2 to 752.46 km2, whereas the total glacial lake area grew from 20.90 km2 to 38.71 km2. From 1974 to 2000, 2000 to 2013 and 2013 to 2018, the region-wide glacier mass balance values were −0.16 m w.e./a, −0.31 m w.e./a and −0.29 m w.e./a, respectively. Three glacial lakes, named Gangxico, Galongco and Jialongco, respectively, expanded by 127.14%, 373.45% and 436.36% from 1974 to 2018, and the mass loss rates of their parent glaciers from 2000 to 2013 increased by 81.72%, 122.22% and 160.00% relative to those during 1974 to 2000. The dams of these three lakes are unstable, and their drainage valleys directly connect to a major town and its infrastructure. Due to current high-water levels, possible external events such as ice collapse, landslide, heavy rainfall and earthquakes can easily trigger GLOFs. Hence, we deemed that the Gangxico, Galongco and Jialongco glacial lakes are dangerous and require special attention.