Pollution induces epigenetic effects that are stably transmitted across multiple generations
Pollution induces epigenetic effects that are stably transmitted across multiple generations
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DOI：
10.1002/ev13.273
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发表时间：
2022-02-03
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Plaistow，Stewart J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harney，Ewan;Paterson，Steve;Plaistow，Stewart J.
据推测，污染物对表型的影响可以通过表观遗传传递给后代，在去除污染物后很长时间内影响种群。但仍然没有证据表明污染物可以在动物中引起持续的表观遗传效应。在这里，我们表明，低剂量的常用污染物诱导的胞嘧啶甲基化在淡水甲壳动物蚤状水蚤全基因组的差异。单克隆种群要么持续暴露于污染物，要么切换到干净的水，甲基化进行了比较，控制人口没有经历污染物暴露。尽管甲基化的一些直接变化仅存在于持续暴露的群体中，但其他变化存在于持续暴露和切换到清洁水处理的群体中，表明这些修饰持续了7个月（>15代）。我们还确定了仅存在于转向清洁水的人群中的变化，这表明污染物暴露的长期遗产与持久性影响不同。污染物诱导的差异甲基化倾向于发生在控制中高度甲基化的位点。在连续和切换处理中观察到的修饰在对照中高度甲基化，并且在处理中显示甲基化降低。另一方面，仅在转换处理中发现的修饰倾向于在对照中具有较低水平的甲基化，并且在转换处理中显示出增加的甲基化。在第二个实验中，我们证实，亚致死剂量的相同污染物产生的影响，生活史至少三代后，去除污染物。我们的研究结果表明，即使是低剂量的污染物也可以诱导跨代表观遗传效应，这种效应可以稳定地传递给许多代人。持续的影响可能会影响表型的发展，这可能有助于快速适应，或灭绝，人口面临的人为压力。
It has been hypothesized that the effects of pollutants on phenotypes can be passed to subsequent generations through epigenetic inheritance, affecting populations long after the removal of a pollutant. But there is still little evidence that pollutants can induce persistent epigenetic effects in animals. Here, we show that low doses of commonly used pollutants induce genome-wide differences in cytosine methylation in the freshwater crustaceanDaphnia pulex. Uniclonal populations were either continually exposed to pollutants or switched to clean water, and methylation was compared to control populations that did not experience pollutant exposure. Although some direct changes to methylation were only present in the continually exposed populations, others were present in both the continually exposed and switched to clean water treatments, suggesting that these modifications had persisted for 7 months (>15 generations). We also identified modifications that were only present in the populations that had switched to clean water, indicating a long-term legacy of pollutant exposure distinct from the persistent effects. Pollutant-induced differential methylation tended to occur at sites that were highly methylated in controls. Modifications that were observed in both continually and switched treatments were highly methylated in controls and showed reduced methylation in the treatments. On the other hand, modifications found just in the switched treatment tended to have lower levels of methylation in the controls and showed increase methylation in the switched treatment. In a second experiment, we confirmed that sublethal doses of the same pollutants generate effects on life histories for at least three generations following the removal of the pollutant. Our results demonstrate that even low doses of pollutants can induce transgenerational epigenetic effects that are stably transmitted over many generations. Persistent effects are likely to influence phenotypic development, which could contribute to the rapid adaptation, or extinction, of populations confronted by anthropogenic stressors.