Neuronal cell cycle: the neuron itself and its circumstances.

Neuronal cell cycle: the neuron itself and its circumstances.
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DOI:
10.1080/15384101.2015.1004937
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ovejero-Benito MC
Ovejero-Benito MC
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Frade JM;Ovejero-Benito MC

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神经元通常被认为是响应细胞周期重新激活而发生凋亡的有丝分裂后细胞。然而,最近的证据表明,存在一个明确的发育程序,该程序会诱导特定神经元群体中的 DNA 复制,这些神经元在成年后的剩余时间中仍保持四倍体状态。同样,成人大脑中的从头神​​经元四倍体化也被描述为神经变性的早期标志。本综述的目的是将这些最新进展整合到神经元细胞周期调节和细胞凋亡的背景中。我们得出的结论是,神经元细胞中存在多种 G1/S 和 G2/M 检查点调节机制。这些与细胞凋亡机制相关的机制可以通过环境信号和神经元表型本身进行调节,从而导致多种结果,从 G1/S 检查点的细胞死亡到分化神经元的完全增殖。
Neurons are usually regarded as postmitotic cells that undergo apoptosis in response to cell cycle reactivation. Nevertheless, recent evidence indicates the existence of a defined developmental program that induces DNA replication in specific populations of neurons, which remain in a tetraploid state for the rest of their adult life. Similarly, de novo neuronal tetraploidization has also been described in the adult brain as an early hallmark of neurodegeneration. The aim of this review is to integrate these recent developments in the context of cell cycle regulation and apoptotic cell death in neurons. We conclude that a variety of mechanisms exists in neuronal cells for G1/S and G2/M checkpoint regulation. These mechanisms, which are connected with the apoptotic machinery, can be modulated by environmental signals and the neuronal phenotype itself, thus resulting in a variety of outcomes ranging from cell death at the G1/S checkpoint to full proliferation of differentiated neurons.
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