Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of current trends.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of current trends.
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DOI：
10.5001/omj.2012.68
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Olokoba, Lateefat B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Olokoba, Abdulfatai B;Obateru, Olusegun A;Olokoba, Lateefat B
2型糖尿病（DM）是一种慢性代谢性疾病，其患病率在世界范围内呈稳步上升趋势。由于这一趋势，它在世界上一些国家迅速成为一种流行病，由于人口老龄化加剧，预计受影响的人数在今后十年将增加一倍，从而增加了保健提供者的现有负担，特别是在不发达国家。本综述基于Medline、Cochrane系统综述数据库和相关出版物的引文列表的搜索。主题标题和关键词包括2型糖尿病、患病率、当前诊断和当前治疗。只包括英文文章。筛查和诊断仍然基于世界卫生组织（WHO）和美国糖尿病协会（ADA）的标准，其中包括临床和实验室参数。目前还没有找到治疗这种疾病的方法；然而，治疗方式包括改变生活方式、治疗肥胖、口服降糖药和胰岛素增敏剂，如二甲双胍，一种降低胰岛素抵抗的双胍类药物，仍然是推荐的一线药物，特别是对肥胖患者。其他有效的药物包括非磺脲类分泌剂、噻唑烷二酮类、α -葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂和胰岛素。最近对2型糖尿病病理生理学的研究导致了新药物的引入，如胰高血糖素样肽1类似物、二肽基肽酶- iv抑制剂、钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2和11ss -羟基类固醇脱氢酶1抑制剂、胰岛素释放型葡萄糖激酶激活剂和胰高血糖素受体拮抗剂、肝糖输出代谢抑制剂和速释型溴芥子碱。吸入胰岛素于2006年获得使用许可，但由于惠顾率低，已退出市场。
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder in which prevalence has been increasing steadily all over the world. As a result of this trend, it is fast becoming an epidemic in some countries of the world with the number of people affected expected to double in the next decade due to increase in ageing population, thereby adding to the already existing burden for healthcare providers, especially in poorly developed countries. This review is based on a search of Medline, the Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, and citation lists of relevant publications. Subject heading and key words used include type 2 diabetes mellitus, prevalence, current diagnosis, and current treatment. Only articles in English were included. Screening and diagnosis is still based on World Health Organization (WHO) and American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria which include both clinical and laboratory parameters. No cure has yet been found for the disease; however, treatment modalities include lifestyle modifications, treatment of obesity, oral hypoglycemic agents, and insulin sensitizers like metformin, a biguanide that reduces insulin resistance, is still the recommended first line medication especially for obese patients. Other effective medications include non-sulfonylurea secretagogues, thiazolidinediones, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, and insulin. Recent research into the pathophysiology of type 2 DM has led to the introduction of new medications like glucagon-like peptide 1 analogoues: dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors, inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 and 11SS-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, insulin-releasing glucokinase activators and pancreatic-G-protein-coupled fatty-acid-receptor agonists, glucagon-receptor antagonists, metabolic inhibitors of hepatic glucose output and quick-release bromocriptine. Inhaled insulin was licensed for use in 2006 but has been withdrawn from the market because of low patronage.