Medical Education Systems in China: Development, Status, and Evaluation
Medical Education Systems in China: Development, Status, and Evaluation
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DOI：
10.1097/acm.0000000000004919
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发表时间：
2023-01-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Song, Kun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Xihan;Feng, Jie;Song, Kun
自1949年以来，中国进行了许多改革，发展了医学教育体系，现在拥有一系列复杂的医学学位。现行的医学专科教育体系包括三年制医学专科、五年制医学学士学位、“5+3”医学硕士和八年制医学博士学位，这些课程提供了不同的获得医学学位的途径。这种复杂性的优点和缺点值得商榷。自从政府在2019年制定了“健康中国”的战略目标以来，政府一直在寻求增加其医学教育体系的培训能力，以建立高质量的健康服务体系。本文回顾了中国的医学教育改革，讨论了目前的医学教育体系，并根据从中国31个省招募的1025名参与者(医学生和医生)的评估，对医学教育项目进行了评估。这些评估是通过2021年7月1日至5日进行的多中心自我报告问卷编制的。参与者正在接受医学学位或执业医生的培训，这些医生接受了5年制、“5+3”、8年制或“4+4”计划的培训。作者评估了每个参与者所属的医学教育系统以及他们的职业阶段和职业满意度，并要求参与者列出3个最有前途的项目。八年制项目在工作满意度(7.92/10)、教育项目满意度(7.78/10)和潜力(1.91/2)方面排名第一。五年制计划和“5+3”计划的系统满意度得分分别为7.25和7.17，而“4+4”计划(7.00/10)排名次之。中国医学教育体系的创新为满足更多患者的需求提供了机会，但缺乏一致性也带来了挑战。当前，我国医学教育正趋于统一化、规范化。
Since 1949, China has made many changes to develop its medical education system and now has a complex array of medical degrees. The current system comprises a 3-year junior college medical program, 5-year medical bachelor's degree program, "5 + 3" medical master's degree program, and 8-year medical doctoral degree program; these programs each provide a different path to earning a medical degree. The advantages and drawbacks of such complexity are open to discussion. Since the government set a strategic goal of "Healthy China" in 2019, it has sought to increase the training capacity of its medical education system to establish a high-quality health service system. This article reviews medical education reform in China, discusses the current medical education system, and presents evaluations of medical education programs based on assessments by 1,025 participants (medical students and doctors) recruited from 31 provinces of China. These assessments were compiled via a multicenter self-reported questionnaire administered July 1 to 5, 2021. Participants were training for a medical degree or practicing doctors trained in the 5-year program, "5 + 3" program, 8-year program, or "4 + 4" program. The authors assessed the medical education system to which each of the participants belong and their career stage and career satisfaction, and they requested that participants name the 3 most promising programs. The 8-year program ranked first in work satisfaction (7.92/10), education program satisfaction (7.78/10), and potential (1.91/2). Scores of the 5-year program and "5 + 3" programs were 7.25 and 7.17 for system satisfaction, respectively, and the "4 + 4" program (7.00/10) ranked the next highest. The innovations that have occurred in the Chinese medical education system have offered opportunities to meet the needs of more patients, but the lack of consistency has also posed challenges. Currently, Chinese medical education is becoming more uniform and standardized.