Dispositional contempt: A first look at the contemptuous person.
Dispositional contempt: A first look at the contemptuous person.
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性格上的轻蔑：首先看轻蔑的人。
DOI：
10.1037/pspp0000101
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Robins,RichardW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schriber,RobertaA;Chung,JoanneM;Sorensen,KatherineS;Robins,RichardW
轻蔑是一种强烈的情感。婚姻失败(Gottman，1994)，同事受到羞辱(Melwani&Barsade，2011)，恐怖主义倾向(Tausch等人，2011)。尽管蔑视很重要，但还没有在人格层面上进行调查。目前的研究考察了我们的轻蔑反应如何被概念化，并作为一个稳定的个体差异变量与一系列理论预测的相关性进行测量。首先，我们引入了一种性情轻蔑的衡量标准，即看不起、疏远和贬低违反我们标准的人的倾向。然后，我们解开性情轻蔑的动态。通过在学生和MTurk样本(NS=165到1,368)中使用自我报告和情绪诱导进行的6项研究，我们检查了其(A)法理网络，(B)人格和行为相关性，以及(C)对关系功能的影响。性格轻蔑与对相关情绪的倾向不同，与性格嫉妒、愤怒和傲慢自豪感最相关。有些自相矛盾的是，性格轻蔑与冷漠和“高人一等”有关，与自恋、以他人为导向的完美主义和各种反社会倾向(如不愉快、马基雅维利主义、种族主义)有关，但也与自嘲和情感脆弱有关，与自卑、不安全依恋和感觉他人强加给自己的完美主义标准有关。性格轻蔑预示着对诱人的电影片段的轻蔑反应，特别是当目标表现出能力/权力较低的时候。最后，认为自己的恋人性情轻蔑会降低承诺和满足感。综上所述，研究结果让我们对轻蔑的人有了初步的了解，并为理解轻蔑提供了一个新的组织框架。
Contempt is a powerful emotion. Marriages fail (Gottman, 1994), coworkers are shamed (Melwani & Barsade, 2011), terrorism is tended toward (Tausch et al., 2011). Despite its importance, contempt has not been investigated at the level of personality. The present research examines how our contemptuous reactions can be conceptualized and measured as a stable individual-difference variable with a range of theoretically predicted correlates. First, we introduce a measure of dispositional contempt, the tendency to look down on, distance, and derogate others who violate our standards. We then unpack the dynamics of dispositional contempt. Across 6 studies using self-report and emotion elicitation in student and MTurk samples (Ns= 165 to 1,368), we examined its (a) nomological network,(b) personality and behavioral correlates, and (c) implications for relationship functioning. Dispositional contempt was distinguished from tendencies toward related emotions and was most associated with dispositional envy, anger, and hubristic pride. Somewhat paradoxically, dispositional contempt was related to being cold and “superior,” with associations found with narcissism, other-oriented perfectionism, and various antisocial tendencies (eg, Disagreeableness, Machiavellianism, racism), but it was also related to being self-deprecating and emotionally fragile, with associations found with low self-esteem, insecure attachment, and feeling that others impose perfectionistic standards on oneself. Dispositional contempt predicted contemptuous reactions to eliciting film clips, particularly when targets showed low competence/power. Finally, perceiving one’s romantic partner as dispositionally contemptuous was associated with lower commitment and satisfaction. Taken together, results give a first look at the contemptuous person and provide a new organizing framework for understanding contempt.