RetroIoT: retrofitting internet of things deployments by hiding data in battery readings
RetroIoT: retrofitting internet of things deployments by hiding data in battery readings
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RetroIoT：通过将数据隐藏在电池读数中来改造物联网部署
DOI：
10.1145/3495243.3560536
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Campbell, Bradford
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sobral, Victor Ariel;Saoda, Nurani;Shah, Ruchir;Wang, Wenpeng;Campbell, Bradford
商业物联网（IoT）部署大多是闭源系统，几乎没有灵活性来修改终端设备的硬件和软件。一旦部署，将这样的系统改造为升级的功能需要更换所有设备，这可能是非常耗时和成本高昂的。最终用户通常无法利用已部署的基础设施来添加自己的传感器或自定义数据。然而，我们观察到物联网系统有时会向云端报告电池电压信息，而电池通常是用户可维修的。这表明，扰动电池电压来编码定制信息可能是改造现有物联网设备的一种微创方法。在本文中，我们提出了一种新的方法，RetroIoT，将自定义命令和数据编码到物联网系统的电池电压通道中，并改造具有增强功能的设备。RetroIoT通过将设备的原始电池替换为控制电池端子输入电压的受控电源来实现此功能。RetroIoT可以对模拟值和数字符号进行编码，一旦电池电压读数存储在云中，这些数字符号就会被解码。这种改进的数据通道可以传输额外的数据，发送新的元数据，甚至交换电池进行能量收集。除了更换电池之外，这种技术不需要对物联网设备进行任何修改。我们使用两个商用LoRa设备和一个BLE设备对这种技术进行原型设计。结果显示，第95百分位信道误差仅为3.96 mV，使用数字符号的分组解码成功率为99%。
Commercial Internet of Things (IoT) deployments are mostly closed-source systems that offer little to no flexibility to modify the hardware and software of the end devices. Once deployed, retrofitting such systems to an upgraded functionality requires replacing all the devices, which can be extremely time and cost prohibitive. End users cannot generally leverage deployed infrastructure to add their own sensors or custom data. However, we observe that IoT systems sometimes report battery voltage information to the cloud, and batteries are often user-serviceable. This indicates that perturbing the battery voltage to encode customized information could be a minimally invasive method to retrofit existing IoT devices.In this paper, we propose a new approach, RetroIoT, to encode custom commands and data into the battery voltage channel of IoT systems and retrofit devices with enhanced capabilities. RetroIoT enables this functionality by replacing the device's original battery with a controlled power supply that manipulates the input voltages of the battery terminal. RetroIoT can encode both analog values and digital symbols which are later decoded once the battery voltage readings are stored in the cloud. This retrofit data channel enables transmitting additional data, sending new metadata, and even swapping batteries for energy-harvesting. This technique requires no modification to the IoT device beyond replacing the battery. We prototype this technique using two commercial LoRa devices and one BLE device. Results show a 95th percentile channel error of only 3.96 mV and 99% successful packet decoding with digital symbols.
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