Transmission of airborne virus through sneezed and coughed droplets.
Transmission of airborne virus through sneezed and coughed droplets.
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DOI：
10.1063/5.0022859
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Greco V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Das SK;Alam JE;Plumari S;Greco V
COVID 19通过受感染者在打喷嚏和咳嗽时喷出的飞沫传播被认为是一个关键问题。因此，对含有病毒的液滴的传播的定量理解具有极其重要的意义。在这里，我们调查液滴在不同的外部条件下的温度，湿度和风流的统计和流体力学的法律在空间和时间的演变。考虑了阻力、扩散和重力对不同尺寸和喷射速度的液滴在空气中运动的影响。在静止的空气中，我们发现较大的液滴穿越更大的距离，但较小的液滴在空气中悬浮的时间更长。因此，在静止的空气中，健康个体与受感染个体应保持的水平距离是基于较大的液滴，但要保持的时间间隔是基于较小的液滴。我们发现，在有风的地方，较轻的水滴会传播更远的距离，并在空气中悬浮更长的时间。因此，我们得出结论，健康个体与感染者之间应该保持的时间和几何距离都是基于流动空气下较小的液滴，这使得必须使用口罩来预防病毒。健康人和受感染者之间仅保持固定隔离的做法没有得到证实。这里获得的定量结果将是有用的，以制定战略，防止其他类型的液滴含有微生物的传播。
The spread of COVID19 through droplets ejected by infected individuals during sneezing and coughing has been considered a matter of key concern. Therefore, a quantitative understanding of the propagation of droplets containing the virus assumes immense importance. Here, we investigate the evolution of droplets in space and time under varying external conditions of temperature, humidity, and wind flow by using laws of statistical and fluid mechanics. The effects of drag, diffusion, and gravity on droplets of different sizes and ejection velocities have been considered during their motion in air. In still air, we found that bigger droplets traverse a larger distance, but smaller droplets remain suspended in air for a longer time. Therefore, in still air, the horizontal distance that a healthy individual should maintain from an infected one is based on the bigger droplets, but the time interval to be maintained is based on the smaller droplets. We show that in places with wind flow, the lighter droplets travel a larger distance and remain suspended in air for a longer time. Therefore, we conclude that both temporal and geometric distance that a healthy individual should maintain from an infected one is based on the smaller droplets under flowing air, which makes the use of a mask mandatory to prevent the virus. Maintenance of only stationary separation between healthy and infected individuals is not substantiated. The quantitative results obtained here will be useful to devise strategies for preventing the spread of other types of droplets containing microorganisms.
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